Essential Oil Composition of Alluaudia procera and in Vitro Biological Activity on Two Drug-Resistant Models

Abstract

Drug resistance is a major obstacle in antibiotic and antitumor chemotherapy. In response to the necessity to find new therapeutic strategies, plant secondary metabolites including essential oils (EOs) may represent one of the best sources. EOs in plants act as constitutive defenses against biotic and abiotic stress, and they play an important role in the pharmacology for their low toxicity, good pharmacokinetic and multitarget activity. In this context, natural products such as EOs are one of the most important sources of drugs used in pharmaceutical therapeutics. The aim of this paper was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil of Alluaudia procera leaves, obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and to verify its biological activities on acute myeloid leukemia cancer cell HL60 and its multidrugresistant variant HL60R and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus exhibiting multi-antibiotic resistance. We speculate that cytotoxic and antibiotic effects observed in the tested resistant models may be due to the coordinate activities of forty compounds detected or to the C16 macrocyclic lactones which are the major ones (30%). Our data confirm the possibility of using EOs as therapeutic strategies in resistant models is due to the heterogeneous composition of the oils themselves.

Essential oils against bacterial isolates from cystic fibrosis patients by means of antimicrobial and unsupervised machine learning approaches

“…Furthermore, EOs of different origin (lavender, lemongrass, marjoram, peppermint, tea tree and rosewood) show antimicrobial activity against Burkholderia cepacia complex by inducing changes in membrane fatty acid composition, followed by membrane disruption 23 . Also, EO from Alluaudia procera was active against S. aureus ATCC25923, a multi-resistant strain 24 . Reported data confirmed the possibility to use EOs as therapeutic strategies in multi-resistant strains probably due to the heterogeneous composition of the oils themselves.…”

Graphene Oxide Carboxymethylcellulose Nanocomposite for Dressing Materials

“…Indeed, Gram-positive strains are protected by a cell wall mostly composed of mucopeptide, while Gram-negative microorganisms possess a thin layer of the latter and an additional layer of lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) [54,55], which might contribute to a high degree of resistance towards the composites tested in this study. Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria is much more frequent than that one against Gram-negative bacteria ones [42,[56][57][58][59][60]. The effect exerted by either CMC or CMC6/Exf -GO upon S. aureus and P. aeruginosa cells was corroborated by fluorescence microscopy imaging, after dual staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide (Figure 8).…”

Mononuclear Perfluoroalkyl-Heterocyclic Complexes of Pd(II): Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity

“…It is noteworthy to highlight that Gram-negative bacteria are protected by a thin protective cell wall and an additional layer of lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), while Gram-positive bacteria are characterized by a thick layer of cell wall and are lacking of the additional LPS membrane. An LPS layer makes the Gram-negative strains much more resistant towards both natural and synthetic molecules [ 5 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], whose entrance into the cells is hampered by the hydrophobic nature of this additional layer. Actually, the infections due to Gram-negative bacteria are more difficult to eradicate [ 3 , 32 ].…”