Essential hazard and process safety assessment of para-toluene sulfonic acid through calorimetry and advanced thermokinetics

Huang, An‐Chi; Li, Zhiping; Liu, Ye-Cheng; Tang, Yan; Huang, Chung-Fu; Shu, Chi‐Min; Zhang, Xing; Jiang, Juncheng

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104558

Cited by 36 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, the actual sulfonation process is a high-risk process involving many dangerous substances, including highly corrosive chlorosulfonic acid and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . They are prone to producing harmful gas at high temperatures, which has a substantial risk [7][8][9]. In May 2012, an explosion occurred in Jiangxi Haichen Honghua Chemical Co., Ltd. (Jiangxi, China), where the cooling water of the condenser entered the sulfonation kettle and reacted violently with chlorosulfonic acid to cause an explosion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability Determination of Propylene Glycol Sodium Alginate and Ammonium Sulfate with Calorimetry Technology

Yao

Liu

et al. 2022

Processes

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Propylene Glycol Alginate Sodium Sulfate (PSS) is widely produced and used in medicine as a marine drug for treating hyperlipidemia. During the sulfonation synthesis of PSS, the sulfonation of chlorosulfonic acid is exothermic. At high temperatures, the process can easily produce a large amount of ammonium sulfate. Ammonium sulfate adheres to PSS in crystal and participates in the sulfonation reaction. In this study, the sulfonation process of commercial PSS was reproduced in the laboratory using chlorosulfonic acid and formamide. We used differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyzer to examine the thermal stability of PSS, and we used both differential and integral conversional methods to determine the appropriate thermokinetic models for this substance. We also established an autocatalytic model to study the conversion limit time and the maximum rate time of this substance. After calculation, the activation energy of this substance is no more than 60 kJ/mol, and it has other exothermic performances at different heating rates. The results help to optimize the sulfonation process of PSS and analyze the thermal risk of PSS with ammonium sulfate.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability Determination of Propylene Glycol Sodium Alginate and Ammonium Sulfate with Calorimetry Technology

Yao

Liu

et al. 2022

Processes

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“…Kissinger considered that n(1 − α) n-1 is independent of β [26]. Therefore, the logarithm of Equation ( 3) is taken to obtain:…”

Section: Kissinger Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability Evaluation of T152 Emulsifier on the Modification Influence of Fireworks Propellant

Yang

Tang

et al. 2022

Processes

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High-energy substances like effect propellant and propellant are used in fireworks. In the process of manufacture, transportation, and use, heat can easily get out of control. The emulsifier polyisobutene succinimide (T152) is frequently used to emulsify explosives. Given the thermal safety of the propellant in fireworks, this paper used the emulsifier T152 to emulsify the propellant. Thermogravimetric Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry were used to analyze and test the propellant. In addition, several methods of thermokinetic calculation were used to calculate thermal stability. The thermal stability of the propellant before and after adding T152 was compared and analyzed. The test results indicate that the apparent activation energy of the propellant increases with the addition of T152. The emulsifier improved the thermal stability of the propellant. The research results can provide relevant data and suggestions for the thermal reaction of pyrotechnic propellants, thereby reducing the potential risks of the fireworks industry.

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“…In this measurement, the heat-flow DSC 3 (produced by Mettler Toledo Co., Zurich, Switzerland) was applied to test the thermal decomposition behaviors of different concentrations of NC-S samples ( m = 4.48 ± 0.08 mg) in an oxygen-free atmosphere (N 2 , 50.0 mL/min) from 30.0 to 300.0 °C 40 . We measured the heat flow change at different β (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 °C/min) under the abovementioned conditions 41 .…”

Section: Experiments and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal hazard evaluation on spontaneous combustion characteristics of nitrocellulose solution under different atmospheric conditions

Zhi-ping

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Nitrocellulose (NC) is widely used in both military and civilian fields. Because of its high chemical sensitivity and low decomposition temperature, NC is prone to spontaneous combustion. Due to the dangerous properties of NC, it is often dissolved in other organic solvents, then stored and transported in the form of a solution. Therefore, this paper took NC solutions (NC-S) with different concentrations as research objects. Under different atmospheric conditions, a series of thermal analysis experiments and different reaction kinetic methods investigated the influence of solution concentration and oxygen concentration on NC-S’s thermal stability. The variation rules of NC-S’s thermodynamic parameters with solution and oxygen concentrations were explored. On this basis, the spontaneous combustion characteristics of NC-S under actual industrial conditions were summarized to put forward the theoretical guidance for the spontaneous combustion treatment together with the safety in production, transportation, and storage.

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Essential hazard and process safety assessment of para-toluene sulfonic acid through calorimetry and advanced thermokinetics

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Thermal Stability Determination of Propylene Glycol Sodium Alginate and Ammonium Sulfate with Calorimetry Technology

Thermal Stability Determination of Propylene Glycol Sodium Alginate and Ammonium Sulfate with Calorimetry Technology

Thermal Stability Evaluation of T152 Emulsifier on the Modification Influence of Fireworks Propellant

Thermal hazard evaluation on spontaneous combustion characteristics of nitrocellulose solution under different atmospheric conditions

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