Essential fatty acids in the diet of prawn. I. Effects of linoleic and linolenic acids on growth.

Kanazawa, Akio; Tokiwa, Shigeru; Kayama, Mitsu; Hirata, Minoru

doi:10.2331/suisan.43.1111

Cited by 102 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Capuzzo and Lancaster (1979c) (Zandee, 1967), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the linolenic (~3) and linoleic families (~6) (Kanazawa et al,1977;Castell and Boghen, 1979), and phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) (D'Abramo et al, 1981). Linolenic acid (18:3w3) is more effective at promoting growth than linoleic (18 :3w6) when fed alone.…”

Section: Natural Food Of Lobstersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in midgut gland morphology and digestive enzyme activities associated with development in early stages of the American lobster Homarus americanus

Biesiot¹

1986

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Section: Natural Food Of Lobstersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in midgut gland morphology and digestive enzyme activities associated with development in early stages of the American lobster Homarus americanus

Biesiot¹

1986

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“…Although animals do not synthesize these two fatty acids, 18:2036 and 18:3033 are absorbed and metabolized by animals via the major elongation and desaturation pathways shown below (Owen et al 1972, Yone and Fujii 1975, De Moreno et al 1976, Kanazawa et al 1977, Tinoco et al 1978, Cowey and Sargent 1979, Jones et al 1979, Tinoco et al 1979, Waldock and Holland 1984 There is evidence that juvenile oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and the yellow clam (Mesodesma matriodes) are among the animals that are able to elongate and further desaturate dietary fatty acids to long-chain (C20 and C22 ) PUFAs (De Moreno et al 1976, Waldock andHolland 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acids in adult oysters,Crassostrea virginica

1991

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Abstract. This study investigated incorporation and metabolism of saturated [(1-~4C) 16:0] and unsaturated [(1-14C) 18:2co6 and (1-14C) 18:3o33] fatty acids in adult eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin (spawned from parents obtained in 1986 from Mobjack Bay, Virginia, USA), and the influence of temperature on these processes. In C. virginica, incorporation of injected palmitic (16:0) and linolenic (18:3033) acids was increased when oysters which had been grown in warm water (22 to 23 °C) were transfered to cold water (5 to 7 °C) for 8 to 18 d. Incorporation of linoleic acid (18:2036) was unchanged under these conditions. The changes in concentration may have been linked to depression of metabolism in these oysters, in particular that of 16:0, which was reduced by 90%. Oxidation of incorporated fatty acids was much higher in warm than in cold water.Cold-temperature conditioning of C. virginica altered the distribution of fatty acids among the neutral and polar lipid fractions. Long-term exposure to cold water increased the proportion Of fatty acids in the polar fraction, which may be related to maintenance of membrane fluidity. Short-term exposure to cold water had the opposite effect, which may be due to increased energy requirements as the oyster adapts to new conditions. Reutilization of ~4C-acyl groups demonstrated de novo synthesis of 16:0 and 18:0 fatty acids. Only limited elongation and no desaturation of the administered fatty acids was observed.

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“…Fifteen percent linoleic acid and a ratio of n-3 to 18:2n-6 equivalent to 1.2 produced the best mean weight increase for juveniles (0.7 g). Essentiality of linoleic and linolenic acid on growth has been demonstrated in P. japonicus (Kanazawa et al, 1977), along with the relationship between essential fatty acid requirement and capacity for the elongation of linoleic acid to highly unsaturated fatty acids (Kanazawa et al, 1979). P. stylirostris is supposed to follow the same metabolic pattern and to require the same fatty acids for growth.…”

Section: Juvenile Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…One explanation is that the crustacean trypsin-like proteinase hydrolyses an undenatured (native) protein source (Swilling et al, 1969) with more efficiency than processed ones suffering heat damage. For example, Kanazawa (1977) showed that juveniles had better growth when fed with chopped up clams than with casein-based purified diets. Aquacop and Cuzon (1989) had average growth results until they selected multiingredient diets that included squid meal.…”

Section: Juvenile Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nutritional Review of Penaeus stylirostris

Cuzon¹,

Aquacop²

1998

Reviews in Fisheries Science

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Tropical species such as P. monodon, P. vannamei, and P. stylirostris were first considered as candidate species for aquaculture in early 1970s or around 25 years ago. At that time, the first nutrition studies began in laboratories using wild stock. Most labs were under pressure to find quick answers to the formulation of shrimp feeds. Feed manufacturers conducted a number of proprietary experiments. Shrimp nutritionists did not link their problems to those encountered with monogastrics and specific problems were faced such as leaching of nutrients, slow feeding response of shrimp, and lack of proper methodology. Even today, despite new advances in New Caledonia with P. stylirostris or in Ecuador with P. vannamei, empiricism is present and formulae calculated with a least cost program do not prove to be fully satisfactory. There is need for a better understanding of shrimp nutrition in the tropical climates. There is still a gap to fill between results of experiments conducted in fully managed water and from production ponds. Requirements for cholesterol, fatty acids, vitamins, and soluble proteins have been addressed by many authors. Nevertheless, the actual impact of natural productivity vs. pelleted food distributed needs to be assessed. Today, the search for a low pollution diet is important to focus on two major areas: (1) a search for quality protein through a digestibility screening, and (2) the study of metabolic activity with the measurement of energy expenditure. This goal is reasonable as it follows previously conducted salmonid experiments. The expected results would be better food conversion indices and less water-quality degradation in shrimp production ponds.

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Essential fatty acids in the diet of prawn. I. Effects of linoleic and linolenic acids on growth.

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in midgut gland morphology and digestive enzyme activities associated with development in early stages of the American lobster Homarus americanus

Changes in midgut gland morphology and digestive enzyme activities associated with development in early stages of the American lobster Homarus americanus

Metabolism of palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acids in adult oysters,Crassostrea virginica

Nutritional Review of Penaeus stylirostris

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