Essential Fatty Acids in the Diet of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid Composition

Castell, John D.; Lee, D. J.; Sinnhuber, R. O.

doi:10.1093/jn/102.1.93

Cited by 169 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Similar compositions of polar lipids have been seen in the liver of rainbow trout fed a commercial diet (Watanabe et a/., 1984a), but higher (n-3)/n-6) ratios were observed when only 18-3 (n-3) or (n-3) HPUFA was incorporated into the basal diets (Takeuchi and Watanabe, 1982 ;Castell et al, 1972a). It is noteworthy that the decrease of (n-3) fatty acids, and particularly of 20:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3), in vitellogenin and lipoprotein phospholipids is more pronounced with a (n-3)-deficient diet given for three months than with the same diets given for six months, suggesting that adaptation to the deficient diet occurred during the last three months (Frémont et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Thus the index of 20:3 (n-9)/20:4 (n-6), used in mammals (Holman, 1970) for demonstrating (n-6) EFA deficiency, obviously cannot be applied to (n-3)-deficient trout. Neither can the ratio of 20:3 (n-9)/22:6 (n-3) proposed by Castell et al (1972a), as it fails to take into account the (n-6) series as well as the 20:5 (n-3) which, in the (n-3) series, is the counterpart of 20:3 (n-9) and 20:4 (n-6) in the (n-9) and (n-6) series, respectively. The trout equivalent of the mammal index for (n-3) deficiency would be :…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Incidence of (n-3) essential fatty acid deficiency on trout reproductive processes

Leray¹,

Nonnotte²,

Roubaud³

et al. 1985

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Summary. A feeding experiment was conducted on rainbow trout broodstock for one year to investigate the influence of the quality of dietary lipids on egg and fry fatty acid composition, embryonic development and hatching efficiency. The broodstock were fed either a commercial control diet or a (n-3) fatty acid-deficient diet ; their liver, eggs and fry were analysed to determine the fatty acid composition of their neutral and polar lipids. The fatty acid pattern in liver, eggs and fry was markedly different due to the qualitative difference of the dietary lipids. The most striking difference was the low amount of 22:6 (n-3) and the high levels of 20:4 (n-6) and 22:5 (n-6) in phospholipids of fish receiving the (n-3)-deficient diet containing a high level of 18:2 (n-6). While fertilization efficiency was equivalent in the first two days of development, whatever the diet, two peaks of mortality were observed, one at day 8 and the other at day 22 after fertilization, during the time the eggs produced by the deficient fish were incubated. A shorter period of vitellus resorption (50 vs 65 day) was observed in (n-3)-deficient alevins as compared to controls.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Incidence of (n-3) essential fatty acid deficiency on trout reproductive processes

Leray¹,

Nonnotte²,

Roubaud³

et al. 1985

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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“…However, there were no symptoms of deficiency such as fin erosion and occurrences of bacterial diseases observed during the feeding trial. Nonetheless, these types of deficiency symptoms were observed in rainbow trout that were fed a diet deficient in essential fatty acids after an eight-month feeding trial (Castell et al, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arslan¹,

Sirkecioğlu²,

Bayır³

et al. 2012

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Brown trout Salmo trutta (~1 g) were fed four casein-gelatin based diets with different lipid resources for 6 weeks. The sources of dietary lipid were menhaden oil (MO diet), hazelnut oil (HO diet,), a blend of linseed oil and soybean oil (1:1) (LO+SO diet), and soybean lecithin (LE diet). Feeding trial was conducted in a recirculating water system at 13±0.2°C. Fish fed LO+SO diet demonstrated the highest growth performance while those fed HO diet had the lowest growth rate (P<0.05). The fatty acid profiles of fish reflected the fatty acid composition of the diets. High level of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) in whole body lipids of fish fed LO+SO diet corresponded with the high level of linolenic acid (18:3n-3, LNA) in the lipids of this diet. Fish fed LE diet which was rich in linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LA) had the highest level of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6 , ARA) in their body. The results suggest that the efficiency of elongation and desaturation of C18 fatty acids depends on the dietary lipid source and brown trout has capacity to transform LA and LNA to ARA and DHA, respectively. Growth depletion in fish fed HO diet might be caused by essential fatty acid deficiency.Keywords: Brown trout, Salmo trutta, lipids, fatty acids, growth. Balık Yağı Yerine Kullanılan Farklı Diyetsel Bitkisel Yağların Kahverengi Alabalık (Salmo trutta) Yavrularında Büyüme ve Yağ Asidi Kompozisyonuna Etkisi ÖzetMevcut çalışmada yaklaşık 1 g ağırlığındaki kahverengi alabalık yavruları 6 hafta süre ile kazein-jelâtin tabanlı yemlerle beslenmiştir. Yemlerde yağ kaynağı olarak balık (ringa) yağı (MO diyeti), fındık yağı (HO diyeti), soya yağı-keten tohumu yağı karışımı (1:1) (LO+SO diyeti) ve soya lesitini (LE diyeti) kullanılmıştır. Kapalı devre su sisteminde yürütülen çalışma boyunca sıcaklık 13±0,2°C olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışma sonunda LO+SO yemi ile beslenen balıklar diğer yemlerle beslenen balıklara göre önemli derecede yüksek büyüme performansı göstermiştir (P<0,05). En düşük büyüme HO yemi ile beslenen balıklarda görülmüştür. Tüm vücuda ait toplam yağların nötral ve polar lipit fraksiyonlarının yağ asidi içerikleri yemlerin yağ asidi içeriklerini yansıtmıştır. Yüksek düzeyde linolenik asit (18:3n-3, LNA) içeriğine sahip LO+SO diyeti ile beslenen balıkların vücudunda, dokozahekzaenoik asit (22:6n-3, DHA) miktarında artış görülmüştür. Benzer şekilde en yüksek araşidonik asit (20:4n-6, ARA) içeriği, 18:2n-6 (linolenik asit, LA) bakımından zengin olan LE diyeti ile beslenen balıklarda görülmüştür. Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçları, kahverengi alabalıkta yemlerdeki yağ kaynağına bağlı olarak LA ve LNA in sırasıyla ARA ve DHA e dönüştürebildiğini göstermektedir. Fındık yağı ile beslenen balıklardaki düşük büyümenin esansiyel yağ asidi eksikliğinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kahverengi alabalık, Salmo trutta, yağlar, yağ asitleri, büyüme.

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“…The experiments of Castell et al (1972) demonstrated that rainbow trout have appreciable capacity to metabolically modify dietary fatty acids. Dietary 18:l(n-9), 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) gave rise respectively to 20:3(n-9), 20:4(n-6) and to 22:6(n-3) in the liver and other tissues.…”

Section: Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional requirements of fish

Cowey

Cho

1993

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The impetus for accurate information on the nutrient requirements of fish derives very largely from the development, in many parts of the world, of an aquaculture industry that is dependent on artificial feeds. At the same time such information can provide the basis for comparative nutrition, whereby features of the nutrition of cold-blooded, water-breathing and mainly, carnivorous vertebrates which differ from the pattern largely common to omnivorous mammals are identified. Since this topic was last addressed (Cowey, 1988) the aquaculture industry has continued to grow, fuelled both by the continuing overexploitation of the marine environment, resulting in declining yields, and by the high quality of aquaculture products.The first serious studies on nutritional requirements of fish were made in the 1950s. Since then much has been learned concerning fish husbandry, water quality, pellet quality (water stability) of fish diets and so on. Consequently, general methodological standards in nutritional experiments have improved greatly and some of the early values for nutrient requirements need to be revised, usually downward.

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Essential Fatty Acids in the Diet of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid Composition

Cited by 169 publications

References 18 publications

Incidence of (n-3) essential fatty acid deficiency on trout reproductive processes

Incidence of (n-3) essential fatty acid deficiency on trout reproductive processes

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Nutritional requirements of fish

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