Essential fatty acid status in teenage girls with eating disorders and weight loss

Swenne, Ingemar; Rosling, Agneta; Tengblad, Siv; Vessby, Bengt

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02153.x

Cited by 22 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Although our data on elevation of LC n-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) seems surprising initially, Swenne et al found DPA to be higher in ED subjects [24] whereas Langan et al also reported a higher DHA level in AN subjects [21]. For n-6 PUFAs, we did not identify any significant differences in LA or ARA, but DGLA and OBA were both elevated in AN compared to controls [15].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…For n-6 PUFAs, we did not identify any significant differences in LA or ARA, but DGLA and OBA were both elevated in AN compared to controls [15]. Langan et al [21], Zak et al [23], and Swenne et al [24] found LA to be lower in AN, whereas Swenne et al [26] and Caspar-Bauguil et al [27] identified decreased ARA in erythrocyte membrane and RBC phospholipid of AN, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In 2011 and 2012, Swenne et al published 3 related papers [24–26] examining non-fasting plasma phospholipid and erythrocyte membranes (ERY) PUFAs in up to 220 girls with eating disorders and 39 healthy controls [24,25]. The authors also examined changes of ERY PUFAs in 24 ED who had PUFA measured at admission and the 1-year follow-up visit [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there was no significant difference in the levels of EPA and DHA. In erythrocyte membrane, ED patients also showed a lower level of ARA than that of the control (12.7 ± 1.54 vs 13.7 ± 1.54, p < 0.001), and the difference in levels of n-3 fatty acids were not significant [24]. When the ED subjects were stratified by the presence and absence of comorbid depression (n = 84 and 133), depression status was associated with lower EPA, DHA and DPA, decreased total LC n-3 PUFA, and higher total LC n-6⁄n-3 PUFA ratio and AA⁄DHA ratio [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps both acute and chronic effects from patients’ preferred diet (with little to no fat) have influenced the PUFA findings. Nonetheless, the differences in n-3 PUFA ratios [15] and DGLA⁄LA and ARA⁄DGLA (markers for D5- and D6- desaturases, respectively) [24] suggest the presence of additional factors, such as genetically moderated differential metabolism for PUFA, a consequence of chronic malnutrition, or changes in regulatory hormones [29,30]. Relating to the aberrant n-6:n3 PUFA ratios in AN, observation that fatty acid concentration in Escherichia coli bacteria cell membranes changes in response to temperature changes [31] and an increased prevalence of AN living in seasonal temperate climates (rather than tropical climates) [32] has also led to a “hibernation hypothesis” for AN [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personalized polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potential adjunctive treatment for anorexia nervosa

Shih

Morisseau

et al. 2017

Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder with high morbidity and mortality rates. While many individuals make full recoveries, up to a third of patients develop a chronic, treatment-resistant form of the illness that leads to a premature death in 15–20% of those affected. There have been few advances in treatment, both in terms of psychological or pharmacologic treatment over the last 30 years. Food aversion is commonly cited by patients with AN as a barrier to normalizing eating and weight. Our group has a keen interest in examining factors that might allow this to be addressed, thus improving treatment outcomes through personalized dietary plans or nutritional supplementation related to underlying genetic status. We demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-derived bioactive lipids (eicosanoids) are implicated in not only the risk of AN, but also with its comorbid psychopathology. Of interest, the differential postprandial omega 6-derived eicosanoid shift observed in AN highlights the possibility that the metabolism of PUFAs is an important mechanism underlying the profound food version, contributing to pathological food restriction in AN. A concise knowledge of the relationships among PUFAs, eicosanoids, and AN clinical course and psychopathology could be the key to developing personalized nutritional rehabilitative treatments for those suffering from AN. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on PUFAs in AN. We also selectively reviewed the clinical benefits PUFA treatments exert in other psychiatric diseases, on weight and appetite regulation, and for resolution of inflammation, all of which are relevant in the disease course and outcome of AN. We propose that personalized PUFA formulation be developed and tested as a novel adjunctive treatment for patients with AN. We hypothesize that with personalized PUFA formulation, food aversion and anxiety about eating will decrease while mood, dietary behavior, and weight restoration will improve in AN, leading to improvements in the overall treatment outcome.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%