Essential Factors for a Healthy Microbiome: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Recent discoveries of the purpose and potential of microbial interactions with humans have broad implications for our understanding of metabolism, immunity, the host–microbe genetic interactions. Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of phytonutrients in foods not only enrich microbial diversity in the lower human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) but also direct the functioning of the metagenome of the microbiota. Thus, healthy choices must include foods that contain nutrients that satisfy both the needs of humans and their microbes. Physical activity interventions at a moderate level of intensity have shown positive effects on metabolism and the microbiome, while intense training (>70% VO2max) reduces diversity in the short term. The microbiome of elite endurance athletes is a robust producer of short-chain fatty acids. A lifestyle lacking activity is associated with the development of chronic disease, and experimental conditions simulating weightlessness in humans demonstrate loss of muscle mass occurring in conjunction with a decline in gut short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and the microbes that produce them. This review summarizes evidence addressing the relationship between the intestinal microbiome, diet, and physical activity. Data from the studies reviewed suggest that food choices and physical fitness in developed countries promote a resource “curse” dilemma for the microbiome and our health.

Gut mycobiome dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension and its response to immunoglobulin light chains

“…Secondly, a single institution enrolled our local participants in our study, and it is not comparable to a multiple-center study which can appropriately powered the fungal profiles. Thirdly, although no differences were found in the nutrient intake among the three groups of pre-HTN, HTN and NT, other factors, such as physical activity ( 43 ), should be investigated and assessed their confounding effects on the gut mycobiome.…”

Molecular signalling during cross talk between gut brain axis regulation and progression of irritable bowel syndrome: A comprehensive review

“…Human body consist of trillions of microbial cells, majority of which inhabit the gastrointestinal (GI) tract thus forming a microbial colonization with a dynamic ecological environment, commonly known as “microbiota”[ 1 , 2 ]. This microbiota is comprised of approximately 500 transient and indigenous species of bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa[ 3 , 4 ].…”

Avaliação do potencial preditivo da microbiota intestinal associada a características fenotípicas para identificação de doenças multifatoriais

“…alimentos consumidos e/ou fatores internos de um indivíduo, como deficiências nutricionais e alterações orgânicas (estado de doença). 11,12 A microbiota intestinal (MI) abriga aproximadamente 90% de todo o microbioma humano, sendo dominada principalmente pela população bacteriana que pode representar até 1000 diferentes espécies em um único indivíduo 10 . Fica assim evidente a complexidade desse ecossistema, que repercute na dificuldade em encontrar padrões específicos e homogêneos de microbiota intestinal.…”

“…No entanto, existe baixa concordância e reprodutibilidade entre estudos que examinam o papel da microbiota em doenças humanas, o que desafia a capacidade de identificar relações causais entre microrganismos do hospedeiro e enfermidades. 12,32,41 O risco de obter falsos positivos ou encontrar correlações espúrias entre dados de microbiota isolados e algum estado específico de saúde é exacerbado pela heterogeneidade interindividual da composição microbiana, e deve-se frequentemente a limitações metodológicas e caracterização de "assinaturas de microbiota" baseadas exclusivamente em diferenças em abundância relativa de táxons microbianos, o que mantém ainda desconhecida a capacidade da microbiota intestinal humana em predizer condições clínicas. 23,37,42,43 Assim, torna-se importante integrar outros aspectos fenotípicos do hospedeiro, como consumo dietético, prática de atividade física, tabagismo, características corpóreas que conversam simultaneamente com a microbiota, para compreender o papel de cada uma destas na saúde e na doença.…”