Essential Elements, Cadmium, and Lead in Raw and Pasteurized Cow and Goat Milk

Lopez, Anthony; Collins, W. F.; Williams, H. L.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(85)81044-4

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The zinc content in raw goat's milk (Table 2) [6] may originate form zinc covered iron vessels which should not be used for milking and storage. The zinc content in pasteurized goat's milk ranged from 1.6 to 2.5 mg/l.…”

Section: Zinc and Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

Content of some metals in goat's milk from southern Poland

Krełowska-Kułas¹,

Kędzior²,

Popek³

1999

Nahrung

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The aim of the work was to estimate the content of certain metals in goat's milk. The content of lead, cadmium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and magnesium was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. It was found that highly toxic elements [Pb, Cd] appeared in both raw and pasteurised goat's milk in amounts not exceeding the polish standard. Goat's milk coming from highly industrialised regions demonstrated higher lead content than milk from agricultural regions. The copper and zinc contents in examined raw and pasteurised goat's milk were well under the polish standard.

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Section: Zinc and Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

Content of some metals in goat's milk from southern Poland

Krełowska-Kułas¹,

Kędzior²,

Popek³

1999

Nahrung

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“…It is also known that metal (Cd, Pb and Hg) (Oskarsson et al, 1995). Concentrations of heavy metals in milk were mainly described in cows (Coni et al, 1994;Kottferová and Koréneková, 1995;Tahvonen and Kumpulainen, 1995;Okada et al, 1997;Rosas et al, 1999;Cerkvenik et al, 2000;Simsek et al, 2000;Pilsbacher and Grubhofer, 2002;Sikirić et al, 2003), goats (Lopez et al, 1985;Anke et al, 1990Anke et al, , 1996Krelowska-Kulas et al, 1999;Milhaud et al, 2000;Hejtmankova et al, 2002) and very scarcely in ewes Mehennaoui et al, 1997Mehennaoui et al, , 1999Milhaud et al, 1998). The objective of this investigation was to determine heavy metal concentrations in ewe milk and their fluctuations depending on lactation stage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of selected toxic elements (cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic) in ewe milk in dependence on lactation stage

Antunović¹,

Bogut²,

Senčić³

et al. 2005

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:Biological investigations on ewes of Merinolandschaf breed (n = 10) were conducted by the 60 th lactation day during the summer on pasture. Ewe milk sampling was carried out on the 2 nd ; 10 th ; 30 th and 60 th lactationday. An electrothermal technique was used to determine Cd and Pb concentrations in food and milk whereas As and Hg concentrations in food and milk were determined by a hydrid technique on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The investigation results indicate that concentrations of selected toxic elements in ewe milk varied in dependence on lactation stage. In colostrum (2 nd lactation day) Cd and Pb (0.011 and 0.035 mg/kg) concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.01) whereas As (0.011 mg/kg) concentrations were lower in comparison with milk on the 10 th (Cd: 0.004; Pb: 0.022; As: 0.025 mg/kg), 30 th (Cd: 0.005; Pb: 0.024; As: 0.028 mg/kg) and 60 th (Cd: 0.006; Pb: 0.026; As: 0.029 mg/kg) lactation day. However, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in milk Hg concentration in relation to lactation stage (from 0.021 to 0.026 mg/kg). The selected toxic elements appeared to be present in ewe milk in very low concentrations.

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“…The determined Pb and Cd levels were found to correspond to the tolerance limit defined by Slovenian and USA regulations. In raw and pasteurised cow and goat milk lead and cadmium were also determined by FA-AAS (Lopez et al, 1985). Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) is another commonly used technique for determination of metal levels in raw milk (Jeng et al, 1994) and Cd (0.037 ± 0.007 mg/g DM) contents were not correlated (R = 0.11) and were lower in all examined samples than the tolerance limit defined by Croatian regulations (Pb < 100 µg/l and Cd < 10 µg/l).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead and cadmium levels in raw cow's milk from an industrialised Croatian region determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Pavlović¹,

Sikirić²,

Lukač-Havranek³

et al. 2004

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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A simple and accurate method for lead and cadmium determination in raw cow’s milk by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) is described. Milk from fifteen farms near Križ in Zagreb region was sampled from the collective sample directly into plastic bottles (to avoid contamination) four times during the March of 2000. The milk samples were digested in an MLS-1200 Mega Microwave digestion system with MDR Technology. Lead and cadmium were determined directly by ET-AAS in the solutions of digested samples. Statistical analyses were performed using statistical software SAS v. 8.0. Both the farm and the date as well as their interaction (P < 0.0001) had a statistically significant influence on Pb and Cd levels in cow’s milk. Pb (0.27 ± 0.06 mg/kg DM) and Cd (0.037 ± 0.007 mg/g DM) contents were not correlated (R = 0.11) and were lower in all examined samples than the tolerance limit defined by Croatian regulations (Pb < 100 g/l and Cd < 10 g/l). Chemical and statistical analyses showed that differences between the farms were not due to feed. This implies that in order to avoid milk contamination by toxic trace elements great care of stable microclimate and all apparatuses and dishes in contact with milk should be taken.  

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Essential Elements, Cadmium, and Lead in Raw and Pasteurized Cow and Goat Milk

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Content of some metals in goat's milk from southern Poland

Content of some metals in goat's milk from southern Poland

Concentrations of selected toxic elements (cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic) in ewe milk in dependence on lactation stage

Lead and cadmium levels in raw cow's milk from an industrialised Croatian region determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

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