Essential Components of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Depression

Computer‐based psychological treatment for comorbid depression and problematic alcohol and/or cannabis use: a randomized controlled trial of clinical efficacy

“…Treatment consisted of 10 individual sessions of therapy, 1 week apart, delivered by a psychologist, including the BI as session 1. SHADE therapy incorporated MI and CBT components [30–35], and each session followed a detailed treatment manual.…”

Self-statement modification techniques for distressed college students with low self-esteem and depressive symptoms.

“…This is pursued through the use of cognitive defusion procedures, which target for change the function of thoughts without attempting to alter their content or frequency. Traditional cognitive-behavioral therapists on the other hand generally target the content of negative thoughts for change, which is pursued through the use of cognitive restructuring techniques designed to help the client to challenge and dispute negative self-statements so as to arrive at more rational, adaptive, and less extreme self-evaluations (Beck et al, 1979;Greenberger & Padesky, 1995;Persons, Davidson, & Tompkins, 2001). A final approach that has received some attention in clinical studies and in the precision teaching literature emphasizes increasing the frequency of positive self-thoughts through structured identification, elaboration, and rehearsal of positive self-statements (Calkin, 1992;Lange et al, 1998).…”

“…The Thought Record is considered one of the essential components of CBT for depression and is a primary vehicle used in attempting to modify negative self-thoughts (Greenberger & Padesky, 1995;Persons et al, 2001). Thought Record training involves teaching the client to identify negative thoughts, examine evidence for and against the negative thoughts, explore possible alternative explanations, and substitute more accurate, realistic, or less extreme thoughts.…”

The Use of Culturally Appropriate Representations of Distress in the Treatment of Mental Illness

“…They were therefore not stigmatized or ostracized, but considered deserving of care, sympathy and encouragement by family and friends. The social support they received further reduced or eliminated the social withdrawal and isolation that is characteristic of depression and can be an impediment to healing (Leahy & Holland, 2000;Persons, Davidson, & Tompkins, 2000) as well as reinforced the notion that there was no reason to feel weak or defective or ascribe personal blame (Segal, Williams & Teasdale, 2002).…”

“…By shifting the cause of distress and dysfunctional behavior to an external force such as God or jinn, which was explicitly or implicitly an integral part of the religious conceptualization of their distress, the participants did not feel personally accountable for it. Externalization set the stage for healing by removing or significantly reducing the internalized blame and criticism that would typically have been directed at the participants themselves, along with judgments of defectiveness, weakness and worthlessness that are characteristic of depression and likely to exacerbate it (Segal, Williams & Teasdale, 2002;Persons, Davidson, & Tompkins, 2000). The process ultimately allowed the men to distance themselves from their distress and engage with it in a detached and productive manner.…”