‘Essential and undervalued: health disparities of African American women in the COVID-19 era’

Obinna, Denise N.

doi:10.1080/13557858.2020.1843604

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Even when hospitals allowed a single support person, the strict rules insisting that this support person was forbidden to leave the labor room further limited or prevented continuous support in labor, as some families cannot afford for the partner to stay the entire time. This rule can fall especially heavily on minoritized and low-income childbearers, who have been struck hardest by the virus (Obinna, 2020;Norton et al, 2020). Further, it penalizes women who already had small children at home with limited childcare, as their partners might have to choose between tending to their children or their birthing partner, who is facing increased stress and isolation (Norton et al, 2020;Almeida et al, 2020).…”

Section: Restricting Labor Support: Impacts On Maternal Mental Health and Health Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When nurses are caring for COVID positive patients, a primary nurse is allowed to go into the room while another nurse acts as a runner to get any supplies or medications the primary nurse needs. This denial of labor support is especially critical for women of color, who have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 and who already face formidable disparities in maternity care and obstetric outcomes (Ellington et al, 2020;Norton et al, 2020;Obinna 2020). Well before COVID-19 struck, between 2014 and 2017, the pregnancy-related mortality for non-Hispanic Black women (41 deaths/100,000 live births) was three times that of non-Hispanic white women (13.4 deaths/ 100,000 live births) and quadruple that of Hispanic or Latina women (11.6 deaths/100,000 live births) [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2020a].…”

Section: Restricting Labor Support: Impacts On Maternal Mental Health and Health Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Well before COVID-19 struck, between 2014 and 2017, the pregnancy-related mortality for non-Hispanic Black women (41 deaths/100,000 live births) was three times that of non-Hispanic white women (13.4 deaths/ 100,000 live births) and quadruple that of Hispanic or Latina women (11.6 deaths/100,000 live births) [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2020a]. Evidence shows that the racial disparities in maternal outcomes are related to the chronic stress of structural racism as well as providers' racial bias (Bridges 2011;Eichelberger et al, 2016;Davis 2019;Valdez and Deomampo, 2019;Obinna 2020).…”

Section: Restricting Labor Support: Impacts On Maternal Mental Health and Health Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impacts of COVID-19 on US Maternity Care Practices: A Followup Study

Gutschow

Davis‐Floyd

2021

Front. Sociol.

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This article extends the findings of a rapid response article researched in April 2020 to illustrate how providers’ practices and attitudes toward COVID-19 had shifted in response to better evidence, increased experience, and improved guidance on how SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 impacted maternity care in the United States. This article is based on a review of current labor and delivery guidelines in relation to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, and on an email survey of 28 community-based and hospital-based maternity care providers in the United State, who discuss their experiences and clients’ needs in response to a rapidly shifting landscape of maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic. One-third of our respondents are obstetricians, while the other two-thirds include midwives, doulas, and labor and delivery nurses. We present these providers’ frustrations and coping mechanisms in shifting their practices in relation to COVID-19. The primary lessons learned relate to improved testing and accessing PPE for providers and clients; the need for better integration between community- and hospital-based providers; and changes in restrictive protocols concerning labor support persons, rooming-in with newborns, immediate skin-to-skin contact, and breastfeeding. We conclude by suggesting that the COVID-19 pandemic offers a transformational moment to shift maternity care in the United States toward a more integrated and sustainable model that might improve provider and maternal experiences as well as maternal and newborn outcomes.

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Section: Restricting Labor Support: Impacts On Maternal Mental Health and Health Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Restricting Labor Support: Impacts On Maternal Mental Health and Health Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Restricting Labor Support: Impacts On Maternal Mental Health and Health Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impacts of COVID-19 on US Maternity Care Practices: A Followup Study

Gutschow

Davis‐Floyd

2021

Front. Sociol.

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“…Given prepandemic maternal morbidity rates, many African American mothers face a heightened risk of dying during pregnancy (Amankwaa et al, 2018). Adding to this, Obinna (2021) explains that stress from gendered racism and discrimination during pregnancy will more than likely escalate during the pandemic. These social determinants, among many others, contribute to the unequal access that drives the inequalities exploited by the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Race Immigrant Status and Intersectional Determinants Of Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confronting Disparities: Race, Ethnicity, and Immigrant Status as Intersectional Determinants in the COVID-19 Era

Obinna

2021

Health Educ Behav

Self Cite

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The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease–2019) pandemic has exposed long-standing inequalities in U.S. health care. Historically, racial and ethnic minorities have been the most likely to suffer from inadequate health care access and insurance coverage. With the spread of COVID-19, these disparities have dramatically increased. Focusing on native and foreign-born racial/ethnic minorities, this article discusses how entrenched health inequities and structural discrimination have led to COVID-19 morbidities and mortalities. Considering that “essential” frontline workers are disproportionately native and foreign-born racial/ethnic minorities, this work evaluates the impact(s) of social exclusion and the lack of support systems for these workers. Using the framework of intersectionality, this work also examines how race and immigrant status affect COVID-19 spread in prisons and immigration detention centers—facilities that often lack effective health and sanitary conditions and where inmates are also likely to be racial/ethnic minorities.

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“…During the pandemic, the “Work-from-Home” or “Safe-at-Home” order that led to social isolation and loss of jobs and incomes unfortunately also affected the AA population disproportionately (Bland et al 2021 ; Obinna 2021 ). In addition, their role as emergency workers in many industries made the AA population more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Health Disparity and COVID-19

Kumar

Kodidela

et al. 2021

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

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The infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and resultant coronavirus diseases-19 (COVID-19) disproportionally affects minorities, especially African Americans (AA) compared to the Caucasian population. The AA population is disproportionally affected by COVID-19, in part, because they have high prevalence of underlying conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, which are known to exacerbate not only kidney diseases, but also COVID-19. Further, a decreased adherence to COVID-19 guidelines among tobacco smokers could result in increased infection, inflammation, reduced immune response, and lungs damage, leading to more severe form of COVID-19. As a result of high prevalence of underlying conditions that cause kidney diseases in the AA population coupled with tobacco smoking make the AA population vulnerable to severe form of both COVID-19 and kidney diseases. In this review, we describe how tobacco smoking interact with SARS-CoV-2 and exacerbates SARS-CoV-2-induced kidney diseases including renal failure, especially in the AA population. We also explore the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in COVID-19 patients who smoke tobacco. EVs, which play important role in tobacco-mediated pathogenesis in infectious diseases, have also shown to be important in COVID-19 pathogenesis and organ injuries including kidney. Further, we explore the potential role of EVs in biomarker discovery and therapeutics, which may help to develop early diagnosis and treatment of tobacco-induced renal injury in COVID-19 patients, respectively. Graphical Abstract

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‘Essential and undervalued: health disparities of African American women in the COVID-19 era’

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

The Impacts of COVID-19 on US Maternity Care Practices: A Followup Study

The Impacts of COVID-19 on US Maternity Care Practices: A Followup Study

Confronting Disparities: Race, Ethnicity, and Immigrant Status as Intersectional Determinants in the COVID-19 Era

Racial Health Disparity and COVID-19

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