“…The emphasis on commuting rhythms goes beyond the definitions in the JobMob panels and the derived studies of long distance commuting in France that were mainly targeted to social issues: work-life balance and conjugal quality (Viry et al, 2010), parenthood issues (Ruger & Viry, 2017;Romero-Balsas, 2022), gender inequalities in the determination of professional careers (Collet & Bonnet, 2010), economic issues and the potential impact of the 2008 financial crisis on daily long-distance commuting and overnighting (Ravalet et al, 2017). The emphasis on rhythms is also distinctive from previous studies of long distance commuting in France that assumed a daily basis on addressing modal usage (Orfeuil & Soleyret, 2002), residential location patterns (Zaninetti, 1999;Ravalet et al, 2014), urban forms (Aguilera & Mignot, 2004;Aguilera & Voisin, 2014) or urban systems (Conti, 2017(Conti, , 2019.…”