Abstract— Recent data are presented on the mechanisms or selected assay procedures for superoxide anions (O2‐) and hydroxyl radicals (OH). The systems discussed include the autoxidation of adrenalin to adrenochrome and other indole compounds, the oxidation of hydroxylamine to nitrite, the generation of ethylene from methional, and the scavenging of OH radicals by p‐nitroso‐dimethylaniline. The results are compared with other assay procedures to aid in the search for absolute and specific tests for these oxygen radicals. Particular emphasis is placed on the interrelation of 02‐ OH and hydrogen peroxide.