ESR dating of ancient flints

Garrison, Ervan G.; Rowlett, Ralph M.; Cowan, D. L.; Holroyd, L. V.

doi:10.1038/290044a0

Cited by 58 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These methods include magnetic surveying, paleomagnetism (Barbetti 1986), macroscopic examination, magno meter analysis, magnetic susceptibility, alternating field demagnetization, isothermal remanent magnetization, remanance coercivity, paleointensity (Bellomo 1993), microscopic ash analyses, thin section micromorphology (Schiegl et al 1996;Weiner et al 1998), and thermoluminescence and electron spin resonance for demonstrating heating (Garrison et al 1981;Rowlett et al 1974). Discriminating between natural and anthropogenic fire remains an open issue, with various criteria being proposed (Perles 1977: 5-11 ;Weiner et al 2000: Table 1).…”

Section: Fire Production and Fire Uses By Foraging And Paleolithic Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Was the Emergence of Home Bases and Domestic Fire a Punctuated Event? A Review of the Middle Pleistocene Record in Eurasia

Rolland¹

2004

asi

105

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The concept of a home-based land use strategy is fundamental for studying recent and prehistoric foraging populations. A proposed datum for the emergence of this behavior is set during later Middle Pleistocene times, around 400–350 kya, and temporally linked with the first established evidence for domestic fire making. Precise causes for this dual appearance remain obscure. Surveying the known Paleolithic record and contexts serves to identify possible factors and processes leading to this development. The emphasis here is on fire technology, particularly domestic fire making and uses, and fire's relationship with home base sensu lato characteristics, as contrasted with a previous land use system that reflects earlier primate patterns. Intentional bush and grassland burning could be components of this home base and domestic fire system. The issue of domestic fire and home base at Locality 1 in Zhoukoudian Cave is evaluated from the perspective of contemporaneous hominid behavior in Eurasia and Africa.

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Section: Fire Production and Fire Uses By Foraging And Paleolithic Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Was the Emergence of Home Bases and Domestic Fire a Punctuated Event? A Review of the Middle Pleistocene Record in Eurasia

Rolland¹

2004

asi

105

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“…In archaeological applications, ESR dating of burnt flints was made (Robins et al 1978), while unburnt geological flint was dated to be 300 Ma with the additive dose method using fast neutrons from a nuclear reactor (Garrison et al 1981). However, it is not clear whether a meaningful age was successfully obtained from these studies.…”

Section: Brief History Of Esr Dating and Dosimetry 391 Development mentioning

confidence: 99%

ESR Dating and Dosimetry: Principles and Procedures

Ikeya¹

1993

New Applications of Electron Spin Resonance

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Principles and procedures of ESR dating and dosimetry are described together with the events which set the clock time of radiation effects to zero in ESR dating. A brief history of ESR dating and dosimetry is also described.-67 -New Applications of Electron Spin Resonance Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by SOUTHERN TAIWAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY on 12/14/14. For personal use only. ESR Dating and Dosimetry Principles of ESR Dating and DosimetryNatural radiation from radionuclides including uranium (^HJ and 23S U), thorium (^3 2r Th) and their daughter radionuclides, and potassium ( 40 K) in the environment or inside an archaeological or geological material produces electronic and atomic defects in the material. The radiation produces free (unpaired) electrons, some of which may be trapped by impurities as well as by inherent defects. They are often quite stable and accumulate with time. These unpaired electrons may be in either the organic or inorganic portion and can be detected by ESR. The ESR signal intensity is proportional to the spin concentration and so to the total dose, i.e., the radiation dose rate and the time elapsed after their formation or an event, such as heating, which affects the spin concentration.Thermoluminescence (TL) is observed when the trapped electrons (or holes) are released thermally and recombine with holes (or electrons) at an elevated temperature (see Figure 1.9). On the other hand, ESR detects unpaired electrons created by a-, /?-and y-rays, as is again shown in Figure 3.1. The direction of the unpaired electron spin (self-rotation), represented by a dancing girl and boy is changed by microwave absorption under a magnetic field as shown in (c) and (d). The concentration of the unpaired electrons can be determined directly by microwave absorption as the ESR signal intensity. These unpaired electrons trapped by an impurity or left at a hole are simply called "defects" in this book. The difference between TL and ESR dating is only in the detection method of defects from which "total dose of natural radiation (TD)" is obtained. (c) Figure 3.1 The principle of ESR dating, (a) Paired electrons are spinning in opposite directions, (b) ionization by a-, /3-or y-rays knocks off one of the paired electrons (girl) leaving the other (boy) in a hole, (c) the unpaired electron (girl) is trapped by an impurity (gangster), and (d) the spin direction of unpaired electrons is changed by microwave absorption. The concentration of unpaired electrons in proportion to the TD or ED is determined with ESR.

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“…Thermoluminescence (TL) dating was frequently applied to bumt stones, heated chert and burnt flint [6]. ESR dating of heated chert and burnt flint, mainly composed of SiO 2, was reported [7][8][9], while a burnt stone tool has not been studied with ESR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESR study of thermal history and dating of a stone tool

et al. 1997

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Electron spin resonance (ESR) of Fe 3 § ions and of radiation-induced centers in quartz (E', peroxy and Al centers) was studied to distinguish between bumt and unburnt stone tools and to determine their age. The yellow stone tool with a reddish edge discovered at the paleolithic site in Kamitakamori, northern Japan, was investigated. The ESR spectrum intensity of Fe 3 § ions around g = 4.3 and the color of the material changed at 600~ and 240~ respectively, which indicates that the red part was heated at 240-600~ The E' center in the red part was used for dating because isochronal annealing expe¡ showed low thermal stability of the Al center and overlap of broad signals at g = 2.0086 onto the peroxy center. Assuming the same efficiency of defeet formation in the red part as of that in the laboratory-heated material at 450~ the obtained age of 520-770 ka is in concordance with the ages of the tephra layers at the site.

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ESR dating of ancient flints

Cited by 58 publications

References 8 publications

Was the Emergence of Home Bases and Domestic Fire a Punctuated Event? A Review of the Middle Pleistocene Record in Eurasia

Was the Emergence of Home Bases and Domestic Fire a Punctuated Event? A Review of the Middle Pleistocene Record in Eurasia

ESR Dating and Dosimetry: Principles and Procedures

ESR study of thermal history and dating of a stone tool

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