Abstract:EspéciEs dE cigarrinhas Em cultivo dE café no município dE santa tErEsa, Espírito santo, Brasil (hEmiptEra, cicadEllidaE, cicadEllinaE) rachEl a. carvalho 1,2 maridiEssE m. lopEs 3 luiz g. n. rodriguEs 1
Sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) and spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae: Aphrophorinae) have a worldwide distribution and are often associated with many crops. Because the geographic range of sharpshooters and spittlebugs often overlaps with the range of the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, the importance of these groups of insects in spreading X. fastidiosa rises to the level of a major socioeconomic problem. Managing diseases caused by X. fastidiosa is challenging for several reasons. First, multiple sequence types of the pathogen have been identified, with sequence type affecting host plant specificity. Second, multiple vector species may be present in an agroecosystem, and the host range of vector species is often broad. Although multiple vector control options such as biological, chemical, physical and cultural controls have been described, disease control programs must take into account biological and ecological parameters of locally dominant X. fastidiosa sequence types and vector species to develop suitable control strategies. Our review demonstrates how fundamental principles of vector reproductive biology, behaviour, nutrition and population and community ecology have influenced research on insect vectors and provides insights into priority research areas.
Sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) and spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae: Aphrophorinae) have a worldwide distribution and are often associated with many crops. Because the geographic range of sharpshooters and spittlebugs often overlaps with the range of the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, the importance of these groups of insects in spreading X. fastidiosa rises to the level of a major socioeconomic problem. Managing diseases caused by X. fastidiosa is challenging for several reasons. First, multiple sequence types of the pathogen have been identified, with sequence type affecting host plant specificity. Second, multiple vector species may be present in an agroecosystem, and the host range of vector species is often broad. Although multiple vector control options such as biological, chemical, physical and cultural controls have been described, disease control programs must take into account biological and ecological parameters of locally dominant X. fastidiosa sequence types and vector species to develop suitable control strategies. Our review demonstrates how fundamental principles of vector reproductive biology, behaviour, nutrition and population and community ecology have influenced research on insect vectors and provides insights into priority research areas.
Two new species of Paratubana Young, 1977 are described and illustrated from Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil, based on specimens collected in alpine fields (above 1,800 m) of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range. Paratubana auromarginata sp. nov. (Pico da Caledônia) can be recognized by the paraphyses with the apex bifurcate, forming an outer subquadrate projection and inner spiniform process, whereas in P. takiyae sp. nov. (Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos) the paraphyses have a pair of strong spiniform processes directed dorsally and crossing each other. The two new species are apparently closely related to each other and both use Eryngium L. (Apiaceae) as host plants. A key to males of the ten known species of the genus is added, as well as two maps of their known distribution.
RESUMO A meleira do mamoeiro é considerada um dos maiores problemas fitossanitários da cultura do mamoeiro, mas diversos aspectos da sua epidemiologia ainda são desconhecidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o risco e o padrão espaço-temporal da meleira nas condições de cultivo da região extremo sul do estado da Bahia. Foi utilizada a regressão logística para identificar os fatores de riscos associados à ocorrência da meleira na região do extremo sul da Bahia. Para o estudo da distribuição espacial, foram aplicadas as seguintes análises: sequências ordinárias; teste t (student) e áreas isópatas. Os resultados da regressão logística mostraram que o risco de um pomar apresentar meleira sendo consorciado ou consorciado com a cultura do café é maior do que quando estes fatores estão ausentes. Em geral, a meleira evoluiu lentamente do primeiro até o sexto mês de avaliação, com média de até 17,2% de plantas infectadas no sexto mês e chegando até 88% das plantas infectadas em campo ao final da epidemia. Agregação de plantas doentes foi observada em menos da metade das áreas avaliadas. A análise de áreas isópatas indicou uma tendência para início das epidemias a partir das bordas dos pomares e a presença de focos secundários e isolados da doença.
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