Esophageal pneumatosis: a pictorial review

Oesophageal pneumatosis: computed tomographic characteristics in three dogs (2018–2021)

“…In patients 1 and 2, the gastric mucosa was unremarkable, but there was enough amount of pneumomediastinum potentially triggering the dissection of gas through the oesophageal wall according to the mechanical theory. In patient 3, the detected gastric alterations could potentially lead to gastric pneumatosis with secondary gas dissection from the gastric to the oesophageal wall, according to the previous published data in humans (Lin et al, 2015;Mitsuyoshi et al, 2015;Neal & Jha, 2020;Pasquali et al, 2017). In patients 1 and 2, the cause of pneumomediastinum was not identified by CT or endoscopy and therefore considered idiopathic.…”

“…In addition, gastric or intestinal pneumatosis, often associated with ischemic processes, can directly extend into the oesophageal wall (Lin et al, 2015;Mitsuyoshi et al, 2015;Neal & Jha, 2020;Pasquali et al, 2017).…”

“…In human medicine OP is rarely described and may be idiopathic or secondary to a specific underlying condition (Neal & Jha, 2020).…”

“…Oesophageal pneumatosis (OP) is the term used to describe the presence of gas within the oesophageal wall (Studdert & Gay, 2012 ). In human medicine OP is rarely described and may be idiopathic or secondary to a specific underlying condition (Neal & Jha, 2020 ). Pneumatosis of the alimentary tract can occur from the oesophagus to rectum secondary to a wide spectrum of conditions.…”

“…Therefore, distinguishing between these conditions is clinically relevant, but remains a challenge for the radiologist in daily practice. Published literature describes that gas access into the oesophageal wall may occur due to one or a combination of the following mechanisms: increased intraluminal pressure, mucosal disruption, and/or dissection of gas from an extra‐oesophageal source (Neal & Jha, 2020 ).…”