Esophageal physiology—an overview of esophageal disorders from a pathophysiological point of view

Lottrup, Christian; Khan, Aneal; Rangan, V. Kasturi; Clarke, John O.

doi:10.1111/nyas.14417

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…This EEB can effectively block the attack of foreign antigens and allergens, H + ions, etc., to protect the inner tissue [117][118][119]. Many kinds of esophageal diseases result from the damage of this EEB structure [120,121]. However, few studies show how EEB damage leads to diseases.…”

Section: Damage Of the Esophageal Epithelial Barrier (Eeb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence and development mechanisms of esophageal stricture: state of the art review

Yang,

Hu,

Shi

et al. 2024

J Transl Med

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Background Esophageal strictures significantly impair patient quality of life and present a therapeutic challenge, particularly due to the high recurrence post-ESD/EMR. Current treatments manage symptoms rather than addressing the disease's etiology. This review concentrates on the mechanisms of esophageal stricture formation and recurrence, seeking to highlight areas for potential therapeutic intervention. Methods A literature search was conducted through PUBMED using search terms: esophageal stricture, mucosal resection, submucosal dissection. Relevant articles were identified through manual review with reference lists reviewed for additional articles. Results Preclinical studies and data from animal studies suggest that the mechanisms that may lead to esophageal stricture include overdifferentiation of fibroblasts, inflammatory response that is not healed in time, impaired epithelial barrier function, and multimethod factors leading to it. Dysfunction of the epithelial barrier may be the initiating mechanism for esophageal stricture. Achieving perfect in-epithelialization by tissue-engineered fabrication of cell patches has been shown to be effective in the treatment and prevention of esophageal strictures. Conclusion The development of esophageal stricture involves three stages: structural damage to the esophageal epithelial barrier (EEB), chronic inflammation, and severe fibrosis, in which dysfunction or damage to the EEB is the initiating mechanism leading to esophageal stricture. Re-epithelialization is essential for the treatment and prevention of esophageal stricture. This information will help clinicians or scientists to develop effective techniques to treat esophageal stricture in the future.

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Section: Damage Of the Esophageal Epithelial Barrier (Eeb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence and development mechanisms of esophageal stricture: state of the art review

Yang,

Hu,

Shi

et al. 2024

J Transl Med

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“…In addition, mucus covers the oesophageal mucosa as a protective layer 162 . Drugs can be topically delivered through the oesophageal route to treat oesophagus disorders such as oesophagitis, oesophageal ulcers and oesophageal carcinoma 163 . However, the tubular shape, periodic peristalsis and rapid emptying make it difficult for drugs to remain in the oesophagus.…”

Section: Oesophageal Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired oral delivery devices

et al. 2023

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Oral administration is a widespread and convenient drug delivery approach. However, oral delivery can be affected by the complex digestive tract environment, including irregular tissue morphology, the presence of digestive enzymes, mucus and mucosal barriers, and spatiotemporal variance in physiological parameters. These obstacles can prevent the oral delivery of many therapeutics. To overcome these challenges, oral delivery devices can be designed with bioinspired compositions, structures or functions to make more drugs available for oral administration. Various bioinspired oral delivery devices have been developed by harnessing biological materials and living microorganisms, or by imitating biological structures and functions. In this Review, we discuss the design and modification of bioinspired oral delivery devices, examining engineering strategies to target specific tissues and applications. We highlight how key bottlenecks in oral delivery can be addressed through bioinspired designs, concluding with an outlook on the remaining challenges towards the clinical translation of bioinspired oral delivery devices. SectionsIntroduction Naturally derived oral delivery devices Bioinspired oral delivery Target tissues Outlook

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“…Reflux esophagitis is accompanied the mucosal damage and manifests clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain due to the reflux of stomach contents. The longer the exposure to hydrochloric acid, the more severe the lesion (Lottrup, 2020). It is known that typical reflux esophagitis is mainly caused by excessive exposure of the esophagus to acid and pepsin, while atypical reflux esophagitis occurs with regular exposure to acid and pepsin (Kellerman, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Properties of the Water Extract from Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab) Via Evaluation of Protective Effects on Reflux Esophagitis Model

Nam,

Song,

Lee

et al. 2023

Pharmacognosy Magazine

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Objectives In the study, we investigated the effects of an Eriocheir sinensis water extract on a reflux esophagitis-induced rat model. Background The crab has been used as a traditional medicine and food source in many countries worldwide for a long time, and the crab contains various useful substances such as chitin, protein, calcium carbonate, etc. Materials and Methods All rats were fasted for 24 h and then orally pretreated with saline, Eriocheir sinensis (100 mg/kg), or ranitidine (40 mg/kg). Reflux esophagitis was induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation. Morphological changes in the mucosal damage in the esophagus were analyzed by the ImageJ program. Also, the expression of the inflammatory proteins and cytokine in the esophagus was measured by western blot assay to demonstrate the protective effects of Eriocheir sinensis in reflux esophagitis model. Histological analysis of esophagus was performed by hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining. Results In the reflux esophagitis induction group, the esophageal tissue damage caused by the induction of reflux was 60% of the whole. Eriocheir sinensis administration significantly ameliorated esophageal mucosal damage by 40%, also determined by histological evaluation of reflux esophagitis in rats. Eriocheir sinensis was also found to downregulate the expression levels of proteins such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and tight junction protein (claudin-5) compared to the reflux esophagitis induction group. In addition, Eriocheir sinensis markedly attenuated the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and the phosphorylation of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα). Conclusion These results indicated that Eriocheir sinensis suppressed the development of esophagitis and modulated inflammation by regulating NF-κB activation. Based on these findings, we concluded that Eriocheir sinensis can protect the esophageal mucosa from reflux esophagitis.

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Esophageal physiology—an overview of esophageal disorders from a pathophysiological point of view

Cited by 4 publications

References 104 publications

The occurrence and development mechanisms of esophageal stricture: state of the art review

The occurrence and development mechanisms of esophageal stricture: state of the art review

Bioinspired oral delivery devices

Functional Properties of the Water Extract from Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab) Via Evaluation of Protective Effects on Reflux Esophagitis Model

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