Esophageal echocardiography.

Abstract

Esophageal echocardiography has been developed for use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is a safe diagnostic procedure which provides high resolution mirror image echoes of many cardiac structures. Conventional anterior and esophageal echocardiograms were performed in 38 subjects. Esophageal echoes were of diagnostic quality in all 38 subjects, anterior echoes were of diagnostic quality in only 18. Measurements from anterior and esophageal echocardiograms correlated well for aortic valve diameter (r = 0.87), left atrium diameter (r = 0.96), mitral valve EF slope (r = 0.97) and less well for aortic root diameter (r = 0.69).

Anesthesia and ultrasound: riding the waves

“…1 Il n'a fallu que peu de temps avant qu'elle ne soit introduite dans la pratique de l'anesthésie. Au milieu des années 1980, Smith et coll.…”

Serendipity and innovation: history and evolution of transthoracic echocardiography

“…The need to obtain more detailed images by positioning the probe closer to, onto, or even into the heart led to the development of more invasive forms of examination: transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), epicardial echocardiography and, intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), respectively. After the description of the first experimental transesophageal probes in the 1970s (22), TEE became popular only after European investigators proved it was safe and clinically useful (23). The first attempts to perform TEE date back to 1980, when a 2D transducer was positioned on a fiber-optic endoscope (24).…”

Short History of The Development of Echocardiograpy With Special Reference to That in Japan (2)

“…They could obtain M-mode records in more patients with this approach than with the conventional anterior-thoracic approach. In 1977, M. Matsuzaki and coworkers [110][111][112][113] succeeded in a transesophageal approach with a probe, in which an ultrasound transducer was mounted on the tip of a gastroscope. They used at first the M-mode and then the phased array.…”