ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law 23: medically assisted reproduction in singles, lesbian and gay couples, and transsexual people

Wert, G. de; Dondorp, Wybo; Shenfield, Françoise; Barri, Pedro N.; Devroey, Paul; Diedrich, K.; Tarlatzis, Basil C.; Provoost, Veerle; Pennings, Guido

doi:10.1093/humrep/deu183

Cited by 135 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Article 4 states that the use of donated gametes and embryos, as well as surrogate motherhood, are strictly forbidden. For this reason, a growing number of individuals, including lesbian women and gay men, are now seeking reproductive assistance abroad (de Wert et al, 2014). In doing so, they engage in the so-called 'cross-border reproductive care' (Pennings et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It's a bit too much fathering this seed’: the meaning-making of the sperm donor in Italian lesbian mother families

Lingiardi

Carone

Morelli

et al. 2016

Reproductive BioMedicine Online

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How do female-partnered mothers deal with the third-party involved in their reproductive arrangement? The aim of this study is to identify the meaning-making of the sperm donor, exploring different patterns between genetic and non-genetic mothers, as well as between open-identity and anonymous donation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 Italian female-partnered mothers, who at the time of data collection had at least one donor-conceived child. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was performed to identify emergent themes. None of the mothers considered the donor as the father of their child. Three patterns of thoughts and feelings recurred: 'donor as an entity', 'donor as a medical process', 'donor as a person'. Genetic and non-genetic mothers constructed shared meanings regarding the donor. Mothers who opted for anonymous donors were more likely to describe the donor as an entity and as a medical process compared with mothers who opted for open-identity donors. Different images of the donor lay beneath each meaning: respectively, donor as a ghost, donor as a place, donor as a kind man. Findings offer important insights for healthcare providers working in fertility clinics. They further suggest the most appropriate terms for third-party reproduction and specific psychological counselling needs of prospective female-partnered mothers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It's a bit too much fathering this seed’: the meaning-making of the sperm donor in Italian lesbian mother families

Lingiardi

Carone

Morelli

et al. 2016

Reproductive BioMedicine Online

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“…In most cases, one partner is inseminated with donor sperm and carries the pregnancy. 2 Globally, however, attitudes towards female couples vary markedly. In certain countries, the decision to treat female couples is left to individual clinics' discretion, 2-4 creating room for reproductive discrimination against couples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from the controversial social issues surrounding same-sex parenting, clinics may refuse care when the woman who will bear the child is fertile, arguing the ethicality of using IVF in such cases where there is no medical need. 2 Previous studies have emphasized the negative emotional consequences resulting from unequal genetic contributions inherent to female couples. [5][6] Co-in vitro fertilization (Co-IVF), alternatively known as Reception of Oocytes from Partner (ROPA), 7 is a reproductive medical intervention in which one partner shares her oocytes and the other carries the developed embryos during an IVF cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Couples Undergoing IVF with Partner Eggs (Co-IVF): Pathways to Parenthood

et al. 2015

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Our analysis presents descriptive data and sheds realistic expectations for Co-IVF couples. Co-IVF cycles can result in a shared experience with regard to the process of creating a family, while preserving a female couple's desire for dual partner participation in the gestational process. We encourage centers treating female couples to consider departing from traditional nomenclature of "donors" and "recipients" and adopting the nomenclature "Co-IVF" to describe the modern understanding of the shared experience. Even if female couples have experienced prior unsuccessful cycles, couples ultimately retain an excellent prognosis for reproductive success using Co-IVF.

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“…Besides, in case of oocytes shared donation between the partners of a lesbian couple ("shared biologic motherhood") [114] there is a combination of biologic and gestational motherhood [115].…”

Section: The Borderline Is Shifting Toward Normality Broadening What mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation / Transplantation for Social Reasons: Between (“Good”) Medicalization and Medical Treatment.

Voultsos¹

2017

Glob J Fertil Res

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Background: Ovarian tissue cryopreservation / transplantation (OTC/OTT) has recently been considered as a well-established rather than an experimental method (at least adopting pragmatic optimism) and turned into a realistic option for a healthy woman needing to delay her childbearing and defer her menopause. Thus, going beyond "normality" through medicalizing a normal aspect of a woman's life or addressing a medical problem? Discussion: Ovarian tissue has a dual nature: it is an organ with a dual function: endocrine and gametogenesis. Premature ovarian failure may be an unhealthy state insofar as health is captured in a holistic way according to Nordenfelt's or especially Richman's theory, especially if Elson's theory of hormonal hierarchy is true. Childbearing age is broadly captured, involving what for the time being is meant as early post-menopausal stage, since human life expectancy has expanded signifi cantly but the childbearing lifespan of a woman has not. On the other hand, it is not clear whether the social environment represents a social determinant of public health or a mere cause of a woman's ill health at least in so far as autonomy is captured through the relational model of autonomy. Conclusion:OTC/OTT for a "healthy" woman are carried out in a blurred and clearly shifting gray zone between normality and pathology when performed at a childbearing age, thus fostering an already existing situation. OTT/OTC constitute "good" (ethically acceptable) medicalization which is subtly diversifi ed from medical treatment as being divided from it with a thin blurring borderline, thus being on the cusp of becoming medical treatment based on solid medical reasons.

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ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law 23: medically assisted reproduction in singles, lesbian and gay couples, and transsexual people

Cited by 135 publications

References 25 publications

‘It's a bit too much fathering this seed’: the meaning-making of the sperm donor in Italian lesbian mother families

‘It's a bit too much fathering this seed’: the meaning-making of the sperm donor in Italian lesbian mother families

Female Couples Undergoing IVF with Partner Eggs (Co-IVF): Pathways to Parenthood

Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation / Transplantation for Social Reasons: Between (“Good”) Medicalization and Medical Treatment.

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