Esential oils extraction: a 24-hour steam distillation systematic methodology

Abstract

Steam distillation is known to be the most prevalent method of essential oil extraction. Despite many studies on extraction methods, there is no report about the impact of distillation process duration on the yield and oil quality. A new 24-h steam distillation process for extraction of plant essential oils is presented. For improving the total yield, prolonged and continued isolation was used. A selection of plant species from Lamiaceae and Apiaceae families was subjected to direct steam distillation and essential oils were collected at different times (1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h). The analysis included either annual or perennial species monitored in terms of different harvesting time. From these studies, it is conclusively that there is no rule about appropriate extraction time, and different plants need different periods for the essential oils to achieve the desired quality or quantity of extract. Thus, extraction duration is directly dependent on what the study is conducted for.

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity and Machine Learning Classification Analysis of Essential Oils from Different Mediterranean Plants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…Detailed overview of those results has been reported just recently [20]. In the case of CG, usually the largest parts of EOs were extracted in the first 3 or 6 h [19].…”

“…EOs have been isolated, as previously reported, by direct steam distillation using a 62 L steel distillator apparatus (Albrigi Luigi E0131, Verona, Italy) [19,20,22]. Briefly, plant materials (about 1.5 kg) were subjected to fractioned steam distillation [20], collecting EOs at six interval times of 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, in case of RS a seventh fraction was collected after 30 h.…”

“…Briefly, plant materials (about 1.5 kg) were subjected to fractioned steam distillation [20], collecting EOs at six interval times of 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, in case of RS a seventh fraction was collected after 30 h.…”

“…Taking into consideration the same plant variety, EO composition can differ according to geographical region, seasonality, and extraction methodology [19,20,21]. …”

High Potency of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil against Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…Based on the above considerations and continuing the investigations on EOs as effective antimicrobial agents [ 10 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], the main aim of this report was to evaluate the in-vitro activity of a chemically characterized commercial TTO, alone and in combination with different antimicrobials, against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli and MDR Gram-negative bacteria including extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) producer carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-CS-Kp), ESBL and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CR-Kp), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-Ab) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CR-Pa). In addition, the antibacterial effectiveness of TTO in the VP against the abovementioned microorganisms was investigated.…”