Escherichia Coli Cytotoxin, Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome, and Haemorrhagic Colitis

Karmali, Mohamed A.; Petric, Martin; Lim, Corazon; Fleming, Peter D.; Steele, Brian T.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)91167-4

Cited by 183 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a potentially fatal food-borne pathogen that can cause hemorrhagic colitis (9) and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) (10). Hallmarks of EHEC pathogenicity are the production of intestinal attaching and effacing (AE) lesions (11) and the secretion of potent Shiga toxins, which are responsible for the HUS (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli use a common pilus adherence factor for epithelial cell colonization

Rendón

Saldaña

Erdem

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

256

302

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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome. Colonization of the human gut mucosa and production of potent Shiga toxins are critical virulence traits of EHEC. Although EHEC O157:H7 contains numerous putative pili operons, their role in the colonization of the natural bovine or accidental human hosts remains largely unknown. We have identified in EHEC an adherence factor, herein called E. coli common pilus (ECP), composed of a 21-kDa pilin subunit whose amino acid sequence corresponds to the product of the yagZ (renamed ecpA) gene present in all E. coli genomes sequenced to date. ECP production was demonstrated in 121 (71.6%) of a total of 169 ecpA ؉ strains representing intestinal and extraintestinal pathogenic as well as normal flora E. coli. High-resolution ultrastructural and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated the presence of abundant peritrichous fibrillar structures emanating from the bacterial surface forming physical bridges between bacteria adhering to cultured epithelial cells. Isogenic ecpA mutants of EHEC O157:H7 or fecal commensal E. coli showed significant reduction in adherence to cultured epithelial cells. Our data suggest that ECP production is a common feature of E. coli colonizing the human gut or other host tissues. ECP is a pilus of EHEC O157:H7 with a potential role in host epithelial cell colonization and may represent a mechanism of adherence of both pathogenic and commensal E. coli.pili ͉ enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ͉ normal flora

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hallmarks of EHEC pathogenicity are the production of intestinal attaching and effacing (AE) lesions (11) and the secretion of potent Shiga toxins, which are responsible for the HUS (10). Most of the EHEC genetic elements responsible for the AE lesions are contained within the pathogenicity island called the ''locus of enterocyte effacement'' (LEE) (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli use a common pilus adherence factor for epithelial cell colonization

Rendón

Saldaña

Erdem

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

256

302

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“…Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is known to cause disease in humans associated with diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis. [39][40][41] EHEC serotype O157:H7 has emerged as a major cause of severe diarrhea worldwide and EHEC is the leading predecessor to pediatric acute renal failure in many countries. 42,43 Healthy ruminants are the principal reservoir of EHEC and human infections occur by ingestion of contaminated meat or dairy products contaminated with ruminant feces.…”

Section: Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Signature tagged mutagenesis in the functional genetic analysis of gastrointestinal pathogens

Cummins

Gahan

2012

Gut Microbes

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Signature tagged mutagenesis is a genetic approach that was developed to identify novel bacterial virulence factors. It is a negative selection method in which unique identification tags allow analysis of pools of mutants in mixed populations. The approach is particularly well suited to functional genetic analysis of the gastrointestinal phase of infection in foodborne pathogens and has the capacity to guide the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics. In this review we outline the technical principles underpinning signature-tagged mutagenesis as well as novel sequencing-based approaches for transposon mutant identification such as TraDIS (transposon directed insertion-site sequencing). We also provide an analysis of screens that have been performed in gastrointestinal pathogens which are a global health concern (Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Helicobacter pylori, Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella enterica). The identification of key virulence loci through the use of signature tagged mutagenesis in mice and relevant larger animal models is discussed.

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“…Infection with EHEC may cause a variety of symptoms such as abdominal cramps, non-bloody diarrhoea and haemorrhagic colitis, which can progress to haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) (Karmali et al 1983). Among bacterial virulence factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of EHEC infections, Shiga toxin (stx) which is cytotoxic for Vero 4.2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiological investigation of enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coliisolates in Japan

Terajima

Izumiya

Wada

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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SUMMARY We have established several measures for control and prevention of EHEC infection including designation of the disease as notifiable since there was the sudden increase in the incidence of infection with EHEC O157:H7 in Japan in 1996, involving multiple outbreaks. Improvements in methodologies for isolation of these organisms and enhanced laboratory screening have revealed a variety of sources in food and animals. Although there seems to be a bovine reservoir for O157 EHEC in Japan as well as North America and UK, different foods have been linked to EHEC infection including salads, radish sprouts and salmon roe. There is clear evidence that divergent clones of EHEC O157:H7 are prevalent throughout Japan based on laboratory surveillance, however, we still need to better define the role of EHEC serogroups other than Escherichia coli O157 as important causes of human infection.

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Escherichia Coli Cytotoxin, Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome, and Haemorrhagic Colitis

Cited by 183 publications

References 11 publications

Commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli use a common pilus adherence factor for epithelial cell colonization

Commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli use a common pilus adherence factor for epithelial cell colonization

Signature tagged mutagenesis in the functional genetic analysis of gastrointestinal pathogens

Molecular epidemiological investigation of enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coliisolates in Japan

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