Escherichia coli contains a DNA replication compartment in the cell center

Koppes, L. J. H.; Woldringh, Conrad L.; Nanninga, N.

doi:10.1016/s0300-9084(99)00217-5

Cited by 64 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Newly duplicated DNA, detected by pulse labeling with [ 3 H]thymidine, is located at cell center in a majority of cells, indicating that DNA replication occurs centrally (Koppes et al 1999). Additional supporting evidence is provided by the localization of SeqA, a protein that binds newly duplicated hemimethylated DNA at GATC sites (Slater et al 1995) during the few minutes before methylation of the newly synthesized DNA strand (Campbell and Kleckner 1990).…”

Section: A Central Replication Factorymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…1) Webb et al 1997Webb et al , 1998Niki and Hiraga 1998;Teleman et al 1998;Jensen and Shapiro 1999;Niki et al 2000). Second, B. subtilis and probably E. coli have a centrally located replication factory through which the DNA template moves during duplication Grossman 1998, 2000;Koppes et al 1999). Third, homologs of eukaryotic structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins are necessary for accurate chromosome partitioning (Niki et al 1991;Britton et al 1998;Moriya et al 1998;Jensen and Shapiro 1999;Graumann 2000); in addition, homologs of plasmid partitioning proteins enhance this accuracy (Ireton et al 1994;Mohl and Gober 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The extrusion-capture model for chromosome partitioning in bacteria

Lemon¹,

Grossman²

2001

Genes Dev.

139

121

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Section: A Central Replication Factorymentioning

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The extrusion-capture model for chromosome partitioning in bacteria

Lemon¹,

Grossman²

2001

Genes Dev.

139

121

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“…The term "replisome" has been defined as a supramolecular assembly "with helicases, primosome, and polymerase holoenzyme operating coordinately at the replication fork" (52). Indeed, recent experiments indicate that DNA replication takes place in the cell center (in E. coli [51] and B. subtilis [53,54]). It should be mentioned that the idea of a local FIG.…”

Section: In the Center Of The Bipolar Segregation Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinesis in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Common Principles and Different Solutions

Nanninga

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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Cytokinesis requires duplication of cellular structures followed by bipolarization of the predivisional cell. As a common principle, this applies to prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes. With respect to eukaryotes, the discussion has focused mainly on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and on Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Escherichia coli and to a lesser extent Bacillus subtilis have been used as prokaryotic examples. To establish a bipolar cell, duplication of a eukaryotic origin of DNA replication as well as its genome is not sufficient. Duplication of the microtubule-organizing center is required as a prelude to mitosis, and it is here that the dynamic cytoskeleton with all its associated proteins comes to the fore. In prokaryotes, a cytoskeleton that pervades the cytoplasm appears to be absent. DNA replication and the concomitant DNA segregation seem to occur without help from extensive cytosolic supramacromolecular assemblies but with help from the elongating cellular envelope. Prokaryotic cytokinesis proceeds through a contracting ring, which has a roughly 100-fold-smaller circumference than its eukaryotic counterpart. Although the ring contains proteins that can be considered as predecessors of actin, tubulin, and microtubule-associated proteins, its macromolecular composition is essentially different

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“…It is likely that both plasmid-encoded and host factors contribute to plasmid clustering. There is accumulating evidence that both in E. coli and B. subtilis the DNA replication complexes are fixed in the region of the mid-and quarter-cell positions (36,41,42). It has also been demonstrated for the E. coli chromosome that in fast-growing cells, new replisomes are assembled and replication is initiated at the quarter positions, even before termination at the mid-cell replisome and before cell division (38,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One model that has been considered is that the clusters of individual plasmid molecules are tethered to the cellular replisome (53). The finding that DNA replication occurs in stationary factories in the regions of the mid-cell and quarter-cell positions in Bacillus subtilis (41) and in E. coli (36) at least raises the possibility that plasmid duplication occurs at the mid-cell position and that after duplication the replication complexes with the attached plasmid clusters segregate to quarter-cell positions prior to the next round of cell division. Using a temperature-sensitive replication initiation protein for the F plasmid, evidence has been obtained in support of duplication of this plasmid at the mid-cell immediately followed by movement of each of the duplicated plasmids to their respective quarter-cell positions (51).…”

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confidence: 99%

Gyrase Inhibitors and Thymine Starvation Disrupt the Normal Pattern of Plasmid RK2 Localization in Escherichia coli

2005

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Multicopy plasmids in Escherichia coli are not randomly distributed throughout the cell but exist as defined clusters that are localized at the mid-cell, or at the 1/4 and 3/4 cell length positions. To explore the factors that contribute to plasmid clustering and localization, E. coli cells carrying a plasmid RK2 derivative that can be tagged with a green fluorescent protein-LacI fusion protein were subjected to various conditions that interfere with plasmid superhelicity and/or DNA replication. The various treatments included thymine starvation and the addition of the gyrase inhibitors nalidixic acid and novobiocin. In each case, localization of plasmid clusters at the preferred positions was disrupted but the plasmids remained in clusters, suggesting that normal plasmid superhelicity and DNA synthesis in elongating cells are not required for the clustering of individual plasmid molecules. It was also observed that the inhibition of DNA replication by these treatments produced filaments in which the plasmid clusters were confined to one or two nucleoid bodies, which were located near the midline of the filament and were not evenly spaced throughout the filament, as is found in cells treated with cephalexin. Finally, the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-RarA fusion protein was used to localize the replication complex in individual E. coli cells. Novobiocin and nalidixic acid treatment both resulted in rapid loss of RarA foci. Under these conditions the RK2 plasmid clusters were not disassembled, suggesting that a completely intact replication complex is not required for plasmid clustering.The development of methods for tagging bacterial plasmids with specific fluorescent fusion proteins or by fluorescence in situ hybridization has greatly facilitated the microscopic analysis of the location and movement of plasmids in a bacterial cell during growth and division. Contrary to the generally accepted view that plasmids randomly diffuse throughout the cell, it has now been shown that the low-copy-number plasmids F (16, 18, 49), P1 (16, 45), and R1 (31, 63) and the multicopy plasmids RK2 and pUC (4,25,53,54) are not randomly distributed throughout out an Escherichia coli cell but are present as clusters at preferred locations. Using differentially labeled probes and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, it has been shown that except for plasmid R1, which is located at mid-cell or at the cell poles (31), clusters of plasmids F, P1, RK2, and pUC generally are located at the mid-cell position in newborn E. coli cells and at the 1/4 and 3/4 positions in larger cells (16,25,44). For these plasmids it has been shown further that the movement of newly duplicated plasmid clusters from the mid-cell to the quarter-cell positions occurs with relatively rapid kinetics (16,18,25,44,49).Much has yet to be learned about cell-or plasmid-specified factors that are responsible for the localization and movement of plasmid clusters. It has been shown for plasmids F (18, 49), P1 (6, 44), R1 (63), R27 (39), and pB171 (5) that the...

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Escherichia coli contains a DNA replication compartment in the cell center

Cited by 64 publications

References 28 publications

The extrusion-capture model for chromosome partitioning in bacteria

The extrusion-capture model for chromosome partitioning in bacteria

Cytokinesis in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Common Principles and Different Solutions

Gyrase Inhibitors and Thymine Starvation Disrupt the Normal Pattern of Plasmid RK2 Localization in Escherichia coli

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