Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Contaminations of Carrots Sold within Zaria, Nigeria and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles

Bishop, Henry Gabriel; Okwori, Grace Onyowoicho

doi:10.15406/oajs.2017.01.00022

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Similarly, SergeliDiS et al (2012) [46] stated that the prevalence of resistance of S. aureus bacteria isolated from readyto-eat salads in Greece against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, penicillin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, rifampin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole antibiotic agents were 94%, 3%, 1.50%, 89.40%, 82.60%, 4.50%, 59.10%, 1.50%, 1.50%, and 1.50%, respectively. Similar to our ndings, a high prevalence of resistance of S. aureus bacteria isolated from vegetables and salads and other foodstuffs and clinical infections against cefoxitin, ceftaroline, penicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and erythromycin antibiotic agents were reported from Iran [9,[47][48][49][50], Nigeria [51], China [52], Korea [42], and the United States [53]. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes was not examined in the MRSA bacteria isolated from vegetable and salad samples previously.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Molecular Typing and Phenotypic and Genotypic Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors of the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria Isolated From Vegetable and Salad Samples

Tavakoli‐Far

Mousavi

Mashak

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of foodborne diseases. The present research evaluated the antibiotic resistance properties, distribution of virulence factors, and molecular typing of MRSA bacteria isolated from vegetable and salad samples. MethodsThree-hundred and fifty vegetable and salad samples were examined for the presence of S. aureus using the culture. MRSA bacteria were identified using cefoxitin and oxacillin disk diffusion. The phenotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance was assessed by disk diffusion. ResultsThe PCR evaluated the distribution of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Forty-five out of 350 (12.85%) vegetable and salad samples were positive for S. aureus. Twenty-six isolates out of 45 (57.77%) S. aureus bacteria were determined as MRSA. MRSA bacteria harbored the uppermost prevalence of resistance against cefoxitin (100%), ceftaroline (100%), penicillin (100%), tetracycline (88.46%), gentamicin (80.76%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (69.23%), and erythromycin (69.23%). The prevalence of MRSA bacteria resistance recovered from vegetable and salad samples against more than seven antibiotic agents was 12.50% and 27.77%, respectively. BlaCTX-M (100%), blaZ (100%), aacA-D (61.53%), tetK (57.69%), dfrA1 (46.15%), and vanA (42.30%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. PVL (57.69%), coa (53.84%), and hla (38.46%) were the most commonly detected virulence factors amongst the MRSA bacteria. ConclusionMRSA isolates had a similarity lower than 80%, categorized in the same group. The presence of one or more virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes amongst the resistant-MRSA bacteria signifies an important threat rendering the consumption of contaminated vegetables and salads.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Molecular Typing and Phenotypic and Genotypic Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors of the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria Isolated From Vegetable and Salad Samples

Tavakoli‐Far

Mousavi

Mashak

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The colonies were counted using a digital colony counter and the colony count per gram of the vegetable and per mL of water samples was determined. 32,34 -36…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colonies were counted using a digital colony counter and the colony count per gram of the vegetable and per mL of water samples was determined. 32,[34][35][36] Four to five colonies were inoculated into tubes containing 2% Brilliant Green Bile Broth as a confirmatory test for coliform bacteria (Oxoid, UK). The gas production as indicated by the rising of Durham tubes after 48 hours of incubation at 35°C was used to assess the presence of coliform bacteria in a vegetable and water sample.…”

Section: Sample Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on the Microbiological Quality of Vegetables in Northeast Ethiopia: Implication for Food-Borne Infection and Intoxications

Berhanu

Abebe

Gizeyatu

et al. 2022

Environ�Health�Insights

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background: Cultivation of vegetables using untreated wastewater is a common phenomenon in many drought-prone areas of the world. Consumption of such microbiologically unsafe vegetable increase the risk of food-borne diseases. As a result, evaluating the effect of wastewater irrigation on the microbiological quality of vegetables would be beneficial to consumers’ health. method: A total of 192 vegetable samples (lettuce, cabbage, carrot, and tomato) and 64 irrigation water samples were collected and analyzed for total bacteria and coliform count using a standardized protocol over a 4 month period. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was defined at a P-value of less than 0.05. result: Carrots were the least polluted vegetable, according to the study, while cabbage had the highest contamination levels. The mean bacterial count among the vegetables differs significantly ( P < 0.05). The fecal coliform counts of the irrigation wastewater exceed the international wastewater irrigation standards. The mean microbial count between vegetables and water samples showed a significant positive relationship ( P < 0.05). All of the analyzed vegetable samples were of borderline microbial quality for fecal coliform bacteria. conclusion: Irrigation wastewater has a low microbiological quality, which significantly contributes to the contamination of vegetables grown on it. recommendation: Measures should be taken to improve the microbial quality of wastewater as well as the quality of vegetables grown in order to protect consumers’ health from food-borne diseases.

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“…e mean total viable count (TVC) of S. aureus in the beef, chevon, and gizzard khebabs in the locations was all above the standard acceptable limit of ≤ 10 4 CFU/g ( ≤ 4 log 10 CFU/g). According to Bishop and Onyowoicho [54] and Gilbert and Harrison [55], S. aureus is a normal flora of the human skin. erefore, the high levels of S. aureus in the khebab samples might be a cross-contamination from the vendor.…”

Section: Microbiological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Load and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Khebab Sold on a University Campus and Its Environs in Ghana

Ayamah

Sylverken

Ofori

2021

Journal of Food Quality

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The demand for ready-to-eat (RTE) foods is handy to busy urban dwellers. Handling, processing, and selling are known to contaminate these foods and cause foodborne outbreaks. This study assessed a load of S. aureus and E. coli in khebabs (beef, chevon, and gizzard) sold on the KNUST campus and its environs and how resistant they are to clinically relevant antimicrobial agents. Thirty-six (36) khebab samples were purchased from vendors at Kotei, Ayeduase, Kentinkrono, Boadi, KNUST campus, and Ayigya. They were analyzed for S. aureus and E. coli and their resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobial agents checked using standard methods. S. aureus and E. coli load ranged from 4.09 to 5.96 CFU/g and 1.79 to 6.12 MPN/g in beef, 4.02 to 6.01 CFU/g and 1.99 to 4.44 MPN/g in chevon, and 5.37 to 6.18 CFU/g and 1.79 to 6.10 MPN/g in gizzard khebabs in the different locations. E. coli (n = 27) were multiresistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and cotrimoxazole (51.85%) and susceptible to chloramphenicol (100%). S. aureus (n = 36) isolates were multiresistant to penicillin, tetracycline, flucloxacillin, cefuroxime, ampicillin (97.22%), erythromycin (75%), cotrimoxazole (86.11%), and gentamicin (69.44%). It can therefore be concluded that the majority of khebabs from the KNUST campus and its environs were contaminated with S. aureus and E. coli above the acceptable standard limits (≤4 log10 CFU/g and ˂2 log10MPN/g, respectively). Also, the S. aureus and E. coli isolated were multiresistant to the antibiotics tested and could be a medium for the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and therefore expose consumers to a high risk of contracting foodborne infections with drug-resistant strains.

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Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Contaminations of Carrots Sold within Zaria, Nigeria and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Molecular Typing and Phenotypic and Genotypic Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors of the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria Isolated From Vegetable and Salad Samples

Molecular Typing and Phenotypic and Genotypic Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors of the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria Isolated From Vegetable and Salad Samples

Evaluation of the Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on the Microbiological Quality of Vegetables in Northeast Ethiopia: Implication for Food-Borne Infection and Intoxications

Microbial Load and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Khebab Sold on a University Campus and Its Environs in Ghana

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