Escherichia coli acid resistance: cAMP receptor protein and a 20 bp cis-acting sequence control pH and stationary phase expression of the gadA and gadBC glutamate decarboxylase genes

Castanié-Cornet, Marie-Pierre; Foster, John W.

doi:10.1099/00221287-147-3-709

Cited by 152 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…2C lane 6), indicating that their expression was GadE dependent. We have also confirmed by DNase I footprinting analysis that GadE directly bound to the GAD boxes 19,20) in the promoter regions of these genes (Figs. 5 and 6).…”

Section: Evgs/evga Up-regulated Genes Targeted By Evga Ydeo and Gadesupporting

confidence: 57%

Molecular Mechanism of Transcriptional Cascade Initiated by the EvgS/EvgA System inEscherichia coliK-12

Itou¹,

Eguchi²,

Utsumi³

2009

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Section: Evgs/evga Up-regulated Genes Targeted By Evga Ydeo and Gadesupporting

confidence: 57%

Molecular Mechanism of Transcriptional Cascade Initiated by the EvgS/EvgA System inEscherichia coliK-12

Itou¹,

Eguchi²,

Utsumi³

2009

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…H-NS negatively regulates the expression of gad genes in the exponential phase, while alternative sigma factor RpoS positively regulates them in the stationary phase (5,6,8). Because gadA and gadB expression are induced in the stationary phase, we investigated their regulation by H-NS and RpoS in the stationary phase.…”

Section: Independent Regulation Of Gad Expression By H-ns/rpos and Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyamines Participate in the Detoxification of Acid-induced Stress by Reducing Intracellular cAMP Levels-cAMP is involved in the regulation of transcription, either positively or negatively, in many E. coli genes (3), and is also involved in the regulation of acid resistance (5,6). It has been shown that the polyamine supplement to the E. coli B strain affected the hydrolyzing activity on cAMP by increasing the phosphodiesterase activity (33).…”

Section: Fig 4 Effect Of H-ns Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two distinct regulatory proteins, H-NS (histone-like protein, encoded by hns) and RpoS (alternative RNA polymerase subunit, encoded by rpoS), are known to be involved in the regulation of gadA and gadB expression. The expression of gadA and gadB is negatively regulated by H-NS during the exponential growth phase, while stationary phase induction of gadA and gadB expression requires sigma factor RpoS (sigma S) (5,6,8). Another regulatory mechanism via the action of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) has been suggested, in which CRP represses gad expression (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Polyamines and Glutamate Decarboxylase-based Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli

Jung

Kim

2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The expression of gadA and gadB, which encode two glutamate decarboxylases (GADs) of Escherichia coli, is induced by an acidic environment and participate in acid resistance. In this study, we constructed a polyamine-deficient mutant and investigated the role of polyamines in acid resistance. The expression of gadA and gadB was shown to be dependent on polyamines. For that reason, the polyamine-deficient mutant was completely devoid of GAD activity and was very susceptible to low pH if large amounts of polyamines were not provided. We also showed that the polyamine-deficient mutant contained higher cAMP levels than the isogenic polyamine-proficient wild type, and cAMP negatively regulated the expression of gadA and gadB. Therefore, introduction of the cya (encoding adenylate cyclase) mutation allele into the polyamine-deficient mutant resulted in the increment of GAD activity and thus restored the reduced acid resistance of the mutant. The positive regulators, H-NS (histone-like protein, encoded by the hns gene) and RpoS (alternative RNA polymerase subunit, encoded by rpoS gene), also significantly governed the expression of gadA and gadB, respectively. However, polyamines did not regulate either the intracellular H-NS level or rpoS expression under these culture conditions. These results strongly suggest that there are at least two different regulatory systems in acid resistance, one is positive regulation via a H-NS/ RpoS system and the other is negative regulation via a polyamine/cAMP system.

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“…This system appears to act by mopping up protons leaking into the bacterial cytosol through the decarboxylation of glutamate to gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is then exchanged for external glutamate by the antiporter GadC, thereby maintaining the pH homeostasis of the cytoplasm, reversing the cell membrane potential to create an internal positive charge, and gradually alkalizing the extracellular medium (Castanie-Cornet & Foster, 2001;Richard & Foster, 2004). Thus, this pathway is dependent on glutamate being present in the acid-shock media (Lin et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acid-resistance pathways of Shigella flexneri 2457T

Jennison

Verma

2007

Microbiology

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The stationary-phase acid-resistance pathways of Shigella flexneri 2457T have not previously been studied. The two acid-resistance systems, the glutamate-dependent acid-resistance (GDAR) and the oxidative pathways, reported elsewhere for Escherichia coli and S. flexneri 3136, were both detected in S. flexneri 2457T. However, S. flexneri 2457T cells grown overnight under fermentative conditions and acid-shocked in minimal media in the absence of glutamate, an acid test often described as a negative control for both pathways, were capable of surviving acid challenge. It is possible that this resistance is due to the oxidative pathway operating in a non-glucose-repressible manner, or to a novel pathway present in S. flexneri 2457T. The construction of gadB and gadC mutants ruled out any contribution by the GDAR pathway, whilst further characterizing the GDAR properties of S. flexneri 2457T. Interestingly, study of the role of rpoS in the oxidative pathway and the unusual acid-resistance phenotype revealed that the frameshift present in the 2457T rpoS gene results in expression of a truncated RpoS protein, which may be reduced in activity and is not essential for the acid-resistance phenotype of S. flexneri 2457T.

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Escherichia coli acid resistance: cAMP receptor protein and a 20 bp cis-acting sequence control pH and stationary phase expression of the gadA and gadBC glutamate decarboxylase genes

Cited by 152 publications

References 15 publications

Molecular Mechanism of Transcriptional Cascade Initiated by the EvgS/EvgA System inEscherichia coliK-12

Molecular Mechanism of Transcriptional Cascade Initiated by the EvgS/EvgA System inEscherichia coliK-12

Polyamines and Glutamate Decarboxylase-based Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli

The acid-resistance pathways of Shigella flexneri 2457T

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