Escape hypothesis for the Stikine block

Wernicke, Brian P.; Klepacki, D.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0461:ehftsb>2.3.co;2

Cited by 81 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…1) were probably closely associated with North America since their inception (Davis et al 1978;Wernicke and Klepacki 1988;Jackson et al 1992), paleontologic (Monger and Ross 197 1 ;Tozer 1982), paleomagnetic (Packer and Stone 1974;Jones et al 1977), geologic (Gehrels and Saleeby 1987), and isotopic (Armstrong 1988) data suggest that the Insular terrane evolved independently from North America for much of the Phanerozoic. Because of the primitive (mantle-derived) isotopic character and large size of the Insular and Intermontane terranes, it is important for paleogeographic and crustal-growth models (e.g., Samson et al 1989) to determine the nature and timing of their accretion to and consolidation with the North American continental margin.…”

Section: Regional Significance Of Jurassic and Cretaceous Plutonismmentioning

confidence: 93%

Jurassic and Cretaceous plutonic and structural styles of the Eagle Plutonic Complex, southwestern British Columbia, and their regional significance

Greig¹

1992

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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The Eagle Plutonic Complex is an elongate north-northwest-trending body of deformed Middle to Late Jurassic and middle Cretaceous rocks which underlies the southwestern margin of the Intermontane terrane. New mapping of the complex and its country rocks, in concert with geochronometry, has defined episodes of contractional, ductile deformation in the Middle to Late Jurassic and middle Cretaceous, as well as brittle deformation in Tertiary time. Synkinematic Middle to Late Jurassic Eagle tonalite at the eastern margin of the Eagle Complex intrudes mylonitic Nicola Group rocks and structurally overlies them along a southwest-dipping belt of high strain (Eagle shear zone) with a structural thickness of > 1 km and a strike length of > 100 km. In the central and western Eagle Complex, Eagle tonalite grades into tonalite orthogneiss (Eagle gneiss), and both are crosscut by mid-Cretaceous, muscovite-bearing plutons of the Fallslake Plutonic Suite. Fallslake Suite rocks are themselves ductilely deformed along the Pasayten fault, which bounds the Eagle Complex on the west and was active mainly in the mid-Cretaceous (ductile deformation with sinistral, east-side-up, reverse displacement). The Jurassic and Cretaceous episodes of deformation may reflect the respective initial and final stages of the accretion of the Insular terrane to the North American margin. West of the Pasayten fault, Middle to Late Jurassic and older(?) rocks of the Zoa Complex are structurally overlain, in part, by deformed Middle Eocene and middle Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. In the north, the Middle Eocene rocks are intruded on their west side by the Middle Eocene Needle Peak pluton.

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Section: Regional Significance Of Jurassic and Cretaceous Plutonismmentioning

confidence: 93%

Jurassic and Cretaceous plutonic and structural styles of the Eagle Plutonic Complex, southwestern British Columbia, and their regional significance

Greig¹

1992

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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“…An alternative model, the so-called escape hypothesis (Wernicke & Klepacki, 1988), invokes the southern part of Wrangellia as an indenting element, with initial collision with North America occurring in Middle Jurassic time. As a result, Stikinia was squeezed northward during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous times.…”

Section: Palaeobiogeography and Rotation Of Terranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrane history of the Canadian Cordillera: estimating amounts of latitudinal displacement and rotation of Wrangellia and Stikinia

Aberhan

1999

Geol. Mag.

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The Canadian Cordillera is largely a mosaic of terranes that are allochthonous relative to the autochthonous North American craton. Palaeobiogeographic data on pectinoid bivalves from various cratonal areas and from two western Canadian terranes, Wrangellia and Stikinia, are used to estimate the amounts of latitudinal displacement and rotation of these terranes that took place during and after Early Jurassic times. Distributional patterns of various species of the distinctive, very common bivalve Weyla, and a comparison of the positions of biogeographic boundaries between high-palaeolatitude, mixed and low-palaeolatitude faunas on the terranes and on the craton indicate that Wrangellia was displaced northward relative to the craton by at least several hundred and possibly more than 1000 km since Sinemurian and Pliensbachian times. For Stikinia such estimates are even higher and exceed 1000 km. Biogeographic patterns also suggest that Wrangellia experienced at best minor rotation since Sinemurian times, while rotation from a more or less east-west alignment to its present northwest-southeast position seems possible for Stikinia prior to the Pliensbachian. Palaeomagnetic interpretations, suggesting that during Sinemurian and Pliensbachian times Wrangellia and Stikinia were in much the same latitudinal position relative to the craton as they are now, are in sharp contrast to the results from faunal data. The presence of warm oceanic surface currents, oceanographic effects of elongated barriers, climatic change and differential latitudinal displacements due to rotation appear to be insufficient explanations for the discrepancy between the interpretation of palaeomagnetic and faunal evidence. *

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“…Assuming Quesnellia is the product of Cache Creek subduction, then Stikinia lacks an equivalent accretionary complex if current terrane configurations are used. One solution is to infer that Stikinia and Quesnellia were part of the same arc generated in Mesozoic time by subduction of the Cache Creek oceanic crust, as indicated by Wernicke and Klepacki (1988). Quesnellia, exemplified by the Harper Ranch Group, also shows some similarity to both Stikinia and Eastern Klamath terrane, but further comparison is beyond the scope of this paper (Monger 1989;Orchard and Forster 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Stratigraphic evolution of the Paleozoic Stikine assemblage in the Stikine and Iskut rivers area, northwestern British Columbia

Brown¹,

Logan²,

Gunning³

et al. 1991

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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The Stikine assemblage, the "basement" of Stikinia, extends 500 km along the western flank of the Intermontane Belt, east of younger Coast Belt plutons. Four different stratigraphic successions are characteristic of Lower to Middle Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian rocks in the Stikine and Iskut rivers area. West of Forrest Kerr Creek are penetratively deformed Lower to Middle Devonian island-arc volcaniclastic rocks, coralline limestone, and felsic tuff. Fringing carbonate buildups in an arc setting are best illustrated in the sequence at Round Lake where Lower Carboniferous mafic-dominated, bimodal submarine volcanic rocks grade upward into two distinctive coarse echinoderm limestone units and medial siliceous siltstone and limestone conglomerate. Conodont colour alteration indices for Lower Carboniferous rocks near Newmont Lake indicate an anomalously low-temperature thermal history. Upper Carboniferous -Permian polymictic volcanic conglomerate and Lower Permian limestone overlie these strata there. The Scud River sequence is distinguished by subgreenschist-to greenschist-grade Carboniferous(?) volcanic and sedimentary rocks overlain by a structurally thickened package (greater than 1000 m) of Lower Permian limestone. Local calcalkaline pyroclastic rocks interfinger with limestone near the top of the Scud River sequence. Basinal, shelf, and shallow-water carbonate facies developed in the Early Permian, giving way to calcalkaline volcanism in Late Permian followed by deposition of deep-water chert and argillite.The tectonic setting during the Devonian and Carboniferous is comparable with modem Pacific volcanic arcs and atolls, but there is no modem analogue for the shelf-carbonate accumulation during the Early Permian which characterizes the Stikine assemblage and permits Cordilleran-scale correlations. Permian fusulinid and coral species have very close affinity to those of the McCloud Limestone of the eastern Klamath Mountains, California. Other geologic events common to both Stikinia and the Eastern Klamath terrane are Devonian limestone breccia deposition, Lower Permian limestone accumulation with McCloud faunal affinity, Carboniferous and Permian calcalkaline volcanism, and Upper Permian tuffaceous limestone. Stratigraphic differences include the absence of quartz detritus in Devonian strata and lack of thick Upper Permian volcanic rocks in the Stikine River area. --Les roches de l'assemblage de Stikine, representant le << socle D du terrane de Stikinia, s'ktendent sur 500 krn le long du flanc occidental de la Zone Intermontane, a I'est des roches plus jeunes du Complexe plutonique cBtier. On reconnait quatre successions stratigraphiques diffkrentes caracteristiques formkes de roches du Dkvonien moyen et infkrieur, du Carbonifere et du Permien dans les rkgions des rivibres Stikine et Iskut. A l'ouest du ruisseau Forrest Kerr, affleurent des roches volcanoclastiques d'arc insulaire, profondkment dkformkes, d'lge dCvonien moyen a infkrieur, et des calcaires coralliens et des tufs felsitiques. Des complexes...

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Escape hypothesis for the Stikine block

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

Jurassic and Cretaceous plutonic and structural styles of the Eagle Plutonic Complex, southwestern British Columbia, and their regional significance

Jurassic and Cretaceous plutonic and structural styles of the Eagle Plutonic Complex, southwestern British Columbia, and their regional significance

Terrane history of the Canadian Cordillera: estimating amounts of latitudinal displacement and rotation of Wrangellia and Stikinia

Stratigraphic evolution of the Paleozoic Stikine assemblage in the Stikine and Iskut rivers area, northwestern British Columbia

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