Escape Behavior Elicited by Single, Channelrhodopsin-2-Evoked Spikes in Zebrafish Somatosensory Neurons

Douglass, Adam D.; Kraves, Sebastian; Deisseroth, Karl; Schier, Alexander F.; Engert, Florian

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.077

Cited by 235 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In Drosophila (Schroll et al 2006;Zhang et al 2007b) and zebrafish (Douglass et al 2008;Baier and Scott 2009), the GAL4/ UAS expression system is commonly used because animals expressing GAL4 under a promoter can be crossed with animals with an opsin behind a UAS, enabling targeted expression via pairwise breeding. Of course, transgenic animals with cassettes bearing opsins under specific promoters can also be directly generated, e.g., in C. elegans ).…”

Section: Cell-autonomous Side Effects Protein Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of designing interpretable optogenetic behavior experiments

2015

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Over the last decade, there has been much excitement about the use of optogenetic tools to test whether specific cells, regions, and projection pathways are necessary or sufficient for initiating, sustaining, or altering behavior. However, the use of such tools can result in side effects that can complicate experimental design or interpretation. The presence of optogenetic proteins in cells, the effects of heat and light, and the activity of specific ions conducted by optogenetic proteins can result in cellular side effects. At the network level, activation or silencing of defined neural populations can alter the physiology of local or distant circuits, sometimes in undesired ways. We discuss how, in order to design interpretable behavioral experiments using optogenetics, one can understand, and control for, these potential confounds.

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Section: Cell-autonomous Side Effects Protein Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of designing interpretable optogenetic behavior experiments

2015

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“…We observed two regions, one anterior and one posterior, where Trpa1b and Isl1SS neurons showed different innervation density (as measured by varicosity number). The anterior region (segments 3-4) corresponds to rhombomeres 5-6, which contain reticulospinal neurons (the Mauthner array neurons) important for the trigeminal-mediated fast escape response in zebrafish Douglass et al, 2008;Kohashi and Oda, 2008;Liu and Fetcho, 1999;Sagasti et al, 2005). The observed high (in Trpa1b) and low (in Isl1SS) innervation density in this region suggests that there might be subtype-specific patterns of Mauthner array activation and initiation of the fast escape response.…”

Section: Functional Implications Of Subtype-specific Projection Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robo2 determines subtype-specific axonal projections of trigeminal sensory neurons

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYHow neurons connect to form functional circuits is central to the understanding of the development and function of the nervous system. In the somatosensory system, perception of sensory stimuli to the head requires specific connections between trigeminal sensory neurons and their many target areas in the central nervous system. Different trigeminal subtypes have specialized functions and downstream circuits, but it has remained unclear how subtype-specific axonal projection patterns are formed. Using zebrafish as a model system, we followed the development of two trigeminal sensory neuron subtypes: one that expresses trpa1b, a nociceptive channel important for sensing environmental chemicals; and a distinct subtype labeled by an islet1 reporter (Isl1SS). We found that Trpa1b and Isl1SS neurons have overall similar axon trajectories but different branching morphologies and distributions of presynaptic sites. Compared with Trpa1b neurons, Isl1SS neurons display reduced branch growth and synaptogenesis at the hindbrain-spinal cord junction. The subtype-specific morphogenesis of Isl1SS neurons depends on the guidance receptor Robo2. robo2 is preferentially expressed in the Isl1SS subset and inhibits branch growth and synaptogenesis. In the absence of Robo2, Isl1SS afferents acquire many of the characteristics of Trpa1b afferents. These results reveal that subtypespecific activity of Robo2 regulates subcircuit morphogenesis in the trigeminal sensory system.

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“…This study is one of a growing number of studies using optogenetic stimulation of genetically targeted neurons to manipulate behavior in a variety of animals, including rodents (Adamantidis et al, 2007;Aravanis et al, 2007;Alilain et al, 2008;Gradinaru et al, 2009;Huber et al, 2008;Tsai et al, 2009), zebrafish (Douglass et al, 2008), flies (Zhang et al, 2007c), and worms . For decades, the study of the neural circuitry regulating sleep-wake states has been limited by the inability to perturb specific populations of neurons in vivo (Kilduff et al, 2008).…”

Section: Histamine Is Not Necessary For Hcrt-mediated Sleep-to-wake Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Homeostasis Modulates Hypocretin-Mediated Sleep-to-Wake Transitions

Carter¹,

Adamantidis²,

Ohtsu³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

223

160

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The hypocretins (Hcrts) (also called orexins) are two neuropeptides expressed in the lateral hypothalamus that play a crucial role in the stability of wakefulness. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that in vivo photostimulation of Hcrt neurons genetically targeted with ChR2, a light-activated cation channel, was sufficient to increase the probability of an awakening event during both slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. In the current study, we ask whether Hcrt-mediated sleep-to-wake transitions are affected by light/dark period and sleep pressure. We found that stimulation of Hcrt neurons increased the probability of an awakening event throughout the entire light/dark period but that this effect was diminished with sleep pressure induced by 2 or 4 h of sleep deprivation. Interestingly, photostimulation of Hcrt neurons was still sufficient to increase activity assessed by c-Fos expression in Hcrt neurons after sleep deprivation, although this stimulation did not cause an increase in transitions to wakefulness. In addition, we found that photostimulation of Hcrt neurons increases neural activity assessed by c-Fos expression in the downstream arousal-promoting locus ceruleus and tuberomammilary nucleus but not after 2 h of sleep deprivation. Finally, stimulation of Hcrt neurons was still sufficient to increase the probability of an awakening event in histidine decarboxylase-deficient knock-out animals. Collectively, these results suggest that the Hcrt system promotes wakefulness throughout the light/dark period by activating multiple downstream targets, which themselves are inhibited with increased sleep pressure.

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Escape Behavior Elicited by Single, Channelrhodopsin-2-Evoked Spikes in Zebrafish Somatosensory Neurons

Cited by 235 publications

References 32 publications

Principles of designing interpretable optogenetic behavior experiments

Principles of designing interpretable optogenetic behavior experiments

Robo2 determines subtype-specific axonal projections of trigeminal sensory neurons

Sleep Homeostasis Modulates Hypocretin-Mediated Sleep-to-Wake Transitions

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