Escalating Trends in the Urban Metabolism of Hong Kong: 1971–1997

Warren‐Rhodes, Kimberley; Koenig, A

doi:10.1639/0044-7447(2001)030[0429:etitum]2.0.co;2

Cited by 21 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Still, given the importance of the topic for the everyday survivability of urban regions, there has been comparatively little uptake in rigorous empirical studies of the metabolism of cities. A major (and lone) exception have been the studies of Hong Kong's metabolism (Newcombe et al, 1978;Warren-Rhodes and Koenig, 2001).…”

Section: Urban Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sahely et al (2003) defined urban metabolism as "a means of quantifying the overall fluxes of energy, water, material, and wastes in and out of an urban region. Somewhat analogous to human metabolism, cities can be analyzed in terms of their metabolic flow rates that arise from the uptake, transformation, and storage of materials and energy and the discharge of waste products" (Warren-Rhodes and Koenig, 2001;Sahely et al, 2003, p. 469).…”

Section: Urban Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress Report—Urban Political Ecology

2005

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Section: Urban Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Urban Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress Report—Urban Political Ecology

2005

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“…Sao Paulo residents, with a propensity for beef consumption, had a similar per capita foodprint to citizens from the UK studies, despite the average Brazilian's comparatively lower impacts in many other respects (WWF ). Where longitudinal studies of a single city were performed, it was found that the share of these burdensome foods were only increasing (Warren‐Rhodes and Koenig ; Sahely et al. ; Alfonso Piña and Pardo Martínez ; Wang et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Codoban and Kennedy () found that 44% of food imported into Toronto in 2000 households did not actually nourish residents. With the inclusion of commercial activities on a city‐wide level, the percentage of total food sent to landfill were 19%, 20%, 26%, and 31% (0.2, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.2 t/cap/a) in Hong Kong, Vancouver, Toronto, and Limerick, respectively (Warren‐Rhodes and Koenig ; Moore et al. ; Forkes ; Walsh et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surveying the Environmental Footprint of Urban Food Consumption

Goldstein

Birkved

Fernández

et al. 2016

J of Industrial Ecology

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Summary Assessments of urban metabolism (UM) are well situated to identify the scale, components, and direction of urban and energy flows in cities and have been instrumental in benchmarking and monitoring the key levers of urban environmental pressure, such as transport, space conditioning, and electricity. Hitherto, urban food consumption has garnered scant attention both in UM accounting (typically lumped with “biomass”) and on the urban policy agenda, despite its relevance to local and global environmental pressures. With future growth expected in urban population and wealth, an accounting of the environmental footprint from urban food demand (“foodprint”) is necessary. This article reviews 43 UM assessments including 100 cities, and a total of 132 foodprints in terms of mass, carbon footprint, and ecological footprint and situates it relative to other significant environmental drivers (transport, energy, and so on) The foodprint was typically the third largest source of mass flows (average is 0.8 tonnes per capita per annum) and carbon footprint (average is 2.1 tonnes carbon dioxide equivalents per capita per annum) in the reviewed cities, whereas it was generally the largest driver of urban ecological footprints (average is 1.2 global hectares per capita per annum), with large deviations based on wealth, culture, and urban form. Meat and dairy are the primary drivers of both global warming and ecological footprint impacts, with little relationship between their consumption and city wealth. The foodprint is primarily linear in form, producing significant organic exhaust from the urban system that has a strong, positive correlation to wealth. Though much of the foodprint is embodied within imported foodstuffs, cities can still implement design and policy interventions, such as improved nutrient recycling and food waste avoidance, to redress the foodprint.

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Developing a complementary framework for urban ecology

Kattel

Elkadi

Meikle

2013

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

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Cities are characterised by dynamic interactions between socioeconomic and biophysical forces. Currently more than half of the global population reside in cities which influence the global biogeochemical cycles and climate change, substantially exacerbating pressures on urban pollution, water quality and food security, as well as operating costs for infrastructure development. Goods and services such as aesthetic values, water purification, nutrient recycling, and biological diversity, that urban ecosystems generate for the society, are critical to sustain. Urban planners are increasingly facing the considerable challenges of management issues for urban ecosystems. Poor understanding of the complementary roles of urban ecology in urban infrastructure, and the functioning of ecosystems and ecological resilience of a complex human-dominated landscape has impeded effective urban planning over time, resulting in social disharmony. Here a complementary framework for urban ecology is proposed, in which ecosystems interact with land use, architecture and urban design-"E-LAUD"affecting ecosystem and human health, and building on the concept that land uses in urban green areas, road-strips, wetlands, 'habitat islands' and urban architecture could synergistically benefit when clustered together in different combinations of urban landscapes. It is proposed that incorporation of the E-LAUD framework in urban planning forms the context of a new interdisciplinary research programme on ecological resilience for urban ecosystems and helps promote ecosystem services.

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Escalating Trends in the Urban Metabolism of Hong Kong: 1971–1997

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Progress Report—Urban Political Ecology

Progress Report—Urban Political Ecology

Surveying the Environmental Footprint of Urban Food Consumption

Developing a complementary framework for urban ecology

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