ESCA characterization of commercial carbon blacks and of carbon blacks from vacuum pyrolysis of used tires

Darmstadt, Hans; Roy, Christian; Kaliaguine, Serge

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(94)90132-5

Cited by 148 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The small intensity difference is equally distributed between the species II-V. However, the component VI at 534.2 eV, which can be assigned to carboxylic acid functional groups [25,26] or chemisorbed water [14,[16][17][18][19][20] according to the literature, is abundant in slightly higher proportion in sample MC_1 in comparison to the sample MC_2 after the butanol treatment.…”

Section: Differences In Original Carbon Samplesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It is generally agreed to the discrimination of minimum two different oxygen species, the double bonded oxygen at lower binding energies (~531 eV) and the single bonded oxygen at higher binding energies (~533 eV) [15]. Additionally, a third species at higher binding energies is commonly considered in the fit, assigned to adsorbed water or oxygen [17,20,26,27,33] chemisorbed H2O [14,[16][17][18][19][20] [28] VII 535 gas phase H2O [14] For the present work we also tried to involve considerations on structural elements that are predetermined by the synthesis procedure. Based on the polymeric precursor of the mesoporous carbon a broad variety of oxygen functional groups is possible for the carbon samples.…”

Section: Differences In Original Carbon Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactivity of mesoporous carbon against water – An in-situ XPS study

Reiche¹,

Blume²,

Zhao³

et al. 2014

Carbon

128

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Functionalized mesoporous carbon catalysts can be used in the acid catalyzed dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF). However, strong deactivation can be observed after preconditioning of the material in the reaction solvent 2-butanol. Surface changes caused by the pretreatment have been studied by XPS. The comparison of the pristine sample and the pretreated carbon sample showed similar distribution of oxygen functional groups by ex-situ XPS, as well as similar behavior during heating in vacuum. However, the addition of water (0.1 mbar vapor pressure) and subsequent heating to 130°C exhibited prominent differences in the evolution of the O1s, as well as for the C1s spectra of the two samples. Changes in the surface termination and hydrophobicity of the materials are discussed under the aspect of possible reactions of surface functional groups with the alcoholic solvent and water.

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Section: Differences In Original Carbon Samplesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Differences In Original Carbon Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of mesoporous carbon against water – An in-situ XPS study

Reiche¹,

Blume²,

Zhao³

et al. 2014

Carbon

128

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“…High resolution scans were performed on the C1s and O1s to identify the carbon and oxygen species present, the assignment and molar abundance of which are summarised in Table 7. A complicated envelope was produced for the C1s, and was deconvoluted into six components commonly assigned in the analysis of carbon materials to: (a) carbide, (b) graphitic carbon, (c) aliphatics, (d) hydroxyls/ethers, (d) carbonyls, and (f) carboxyls/esters [59][60][61][62][63][64]. The O1s spectra is less complicated, with only 2 components fitted (Table 7), assigned to: (a) C=O in carbonyl and carboxyl groups, and (b) singly bonded oxygen assigned to -O-or C-OH in hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups [60,64].…”

Section: Chemical and Textural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of oxidation upon the CO2 capture performance of a phenolic-resin-derived carbon

Plaza¹,

Thurecht²,

Pevida³

et al. 2013

Fuel Processing Technology

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The effect of oxidation upon the CO 2 capture performance has been studied taking a phenolic resin carbon as the base material. Oxygen surface groups were introduced through liquid and gas phase oxidation treatments, using ammonium persulfate, nitric acid and air, respectively.The surface chemistry of the final carbon is strongly affected by the type of oxidation treatment: liquid phase oxidation introduces a greater amount of oxygen, mostly as carboxylic groups; these are absent in the gas phase oxidised sample that contains mainly ether and carbonyl functionalities. The porous texture of the samples is also affected by the oxidation treatment: through liquid phase oxidation the pore volume is somewhat reduced, while this is slightly developed by air treatment at 693 K. Despite the reduction in the porous volume and the acidic surface, liquid-phase oxidised samples present greater CO 2 adsorption capacity than the starting carbon due to Lewis acid-base interactions with the CO 2 molecule.Moreover: oxidised samples are easily regenerated, and observed heats of adsorption are † Corresponding Author: Tel : +34 985 119090; E-mail address: frubiera@incar.csic.es. (F. Rubiera) 2 typical from physisorption processes, which will facilitate the adsorbent regeneration in cyclic adsorption processes. Oxidation is therefore proposed as a plausible modification technique for developing easy-to-regenerate carbon adsorbents with enhanced CO 2 capture performance.

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“…In particular, the contributions of alcohol (C-OH) or ether (C-O-C) groups, carbonyl groups (C=O), and carboxyl (O=C-OH) and/or ester (O=C-O-C) groups can be well separated. The last tiny signal around 292 eV is a satellite peak due to π-π* shake-up transitions in aromatic rings (Albers et al 1992;Biniak et al 1997;Darmstadt et al 1994;Desimoni et al 1992;Kozlowski and Sherwood 1986;Proctor and Sherwood 1983;Reis et al 1995;Xie and Sherwood 1989). and c) C 1s XPS spectrum of the same activated carbon, after background subtraction and deconvolution of the different contributions of C species to the total spectrum.…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Xps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated carbons for applications in catalysis: the point of view of a physical-chemist

Lazzarini

2017

Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei

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This paper is a concise review on the principal physical-chemical techniques available to investigate the structural and surface properties of activated carbons (ACs) for catalytic applications. The same activated carbon has been characterized by an incredible amount of techniques: Solid State-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-Ray Powder Diffraction and Raman spectroscopy for structural characterization, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Inelastic Neutron Scattering and FT-IR spectroscopy for surface analysis, instead. The main goal is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of all the techniques and to propose a multi-technique approach that should help in avoiding misinterpretations, as often found in the specialized literature.

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ESCA characterization of commercial carbon blacks and of carbon blacks from vacuum pyrolysis of used tires

Cited by 148 publications

References 16 publications

Reactivity of mesoporous carbon against water – An in-situ XPS study

Reactivity of mesoporous carbon against water – An in-situ XPS study

Influence of oxidation upon the CO2 capture performance of a phenolic-resin-derived carbon

Activated carbons for applications in catalysis: the point of view of a physical-chemist

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