ESBL-Producing<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhi in Traveler Returning from Guatemala to Spain

González-López, Juan José; Piedra-Carrasco, Nuria; Salvador, Fernando; Rodríguez, Virginia; Sánchez-Montalvà, Adrián; Planes, Anna Maria Cardona; Molina, Israel; Larrosa, Nieves

doi:10.3201/eid2011.140525

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this study, a significant proportion of Salmonella species isolates were resistant to third generation cephalosporins. Similar findings have been observed in Europe from people who travelled from Asian countries [29, 30] and in Kenya [31]. However, these findings are in contrast with the previous study conducted three years ago in the same hospital which observed all Salmonella species to be susceptible to ceftriaxone [28]; suggesting the presence of emerging multidrug-resistant Salmonella species in Northwestern Tanzania.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Antimicrobial resistance pattern: a report of microbiological cultures at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania

Moremi

Claus²,

Mshana

2016

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance has been declared by the World Health Organization as a threat to the public health. The aim of this study was to analyze antimicrobial resistance patterns of the common pathogens occurring at the Bugando Medical Centre (BMC), Mwanza, Tanzania to provide data for antimicrobial stewardship programmes.MethodsA total of 3330 microbiological culture results scripts representing non-repetitive specimens reported between June 2013 and May 2015 were retrieved and analyzed for pathogens and their susceptibility patterns using STATA-11 software.ResultsOut of 3330 specimens, 439 (13.2%) had positive culture. Staphylococcus aureus (n = 100; 22.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 65; 14.8%) and Escherichia coli (n = 41; 9.3%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Of 78 Staphylococcus aureus tested, 27 (34.6%) were found to be methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Rates of resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates to third generation cephalosporins were 38.5% (25/65) and 29.3% (12/41) respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Klesbiella pneumoniae were commonly isolated from bloodstream infections while Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the predominant isolates from urinary tract and wounds infections respectively. Of 23 Salmonella species isolated, 22 (95%) were recovered from the blood. Nine of the 23 Salmonella species isolates (39%) were found to be resistant to third generation cephalosporins. The resistance rate of gram-negative bacteria to third generation cephalosporins increased from 26.5% in 2014 to 57.9% in 2015 (p = 0.004) while the rate of MRSA decreased from 41.2% in 2013 to 9.5% in 2015 (p = 0.016). Multidrug-resistant gram-negative isolates were commonly isolated from Intensive Care Units and it was noted that, the majority of invasive infections were due to gram-negative bacteria.ConclusionThere is an increase in proportion of gram-negative isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins. The diversity of potential pathogens resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics underscores the importance of sustained and standardized antimicrobial resistance surveillance and antibiotic stewardship programmes in developing countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Antimicrobial resistance pattern: a report of microbiological cultures at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania

Moremi

Claus²,

Mshana

2016

BMC Infect Dis

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“…However, many hospitals follow the guidelines of the WHO and then switch to a fluoroquinolone when S. Typhi has been isolated from blood [30]. We identified no ESBL producing S. Typhi; other ESBL producing Salmonella have been reported from Latin America, but unlike the epidemiology of S. Typhi outside of the region, drug resistance appears not to be an issue [31,32]. This observation is probably associated with a lack of H58 (genotype 4.3.1) S. Typhi outside of Asia and Africa.…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Surveillance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Colombia, 2012–2015

et al. 2020

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Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is the causative agent of typhoid fever; a systemic disease affecting~20 million people per year globally. There are little data regarding the contemporary epidemiology of typhoid in Latin America. Consequently, we aimed to describe some recent epidemiological aspects of typhoid in Colombia using cases reported to the National Public Health Surveillance System (Sivigila) between 2012 and 2015. Over the four-year reporting period there were 836 culture confirmed cases of typhoid in Colombia, with the majority (676/836; 80.1%) of reported cases originated from only seven departments. We further characterized 402 S. Typhi isolates with available corresponding data recovered from various departments of Colombia through antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular subtyping. The majority (235/402; 58.5%) of these typhoid cases occurred in males and were most commonly reported in those aged between 10 and 29 years (218/402; 54.2%); there were three (0.74%) reported fatalities. The overwhelming preponderance (339/402; 84.3%) of S. Typhi were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials. The most common antimicrobial to which the organisms exhibited non-susceptibility was ampicillin (30/ 402;7.5%), followed by nalidixic acid (23/402, 5.7%). Molecular subtyping identified substantial genetic diversity, which was well distributed across the country. Despite the diffuse pattern of S. Typhi genotypes, we identified various geographical hotspots of disease associated with local dominant genotypes. Notably, we found limited overlap of Colombian genotypes with organisms reported in other Latin American countries. Our work highlights a substantial burden of typhoid in Colombia, characterized by sustained transmission in some regions and limited epidemics in other departments. The disease is widely distributed across the country and associated with multiple antimicrobial susceptible genotypes that appear to be restricted to Colombia. This study provides a current perspective for typhoid in Latin

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“…Strains of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella typhi with the haplotype H58 were found worldwide, and accounted for multiple outbreaks in endemic countries and single cases in international travelers. Moreover, Klemm and Colleagues [64] detected several resistance genes (extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes, and ESBLs) in extensively-drug resistant strains, previously detected in other enteric bacteria [65]. Resistance is mainly associated with cumulative mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) encoding DNA gyrase (gyrA and gyrB genes) and topoisomerase (parC and parE genes) [61,66].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance and Typhoid Fevermentioning

confidence: 94%

Travel-Related Typhoid Fever: Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature

Muresu

Sotgiu

Are

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Enteric fever is a foodborne infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. The high incidence in low income countries can increase the risk of disease in travelers coming from high income countries. Pre-travel health advice on hygiene and sanitation practices and vaccines can significantly reduce the risk of acquiring infections. Although the majority of the cases are self-limiting, life-threatening complications can occur. Delayed diagnosis and cases of infections caused by multi-drug resistant strains can complicate the clinical management and affect the prognosis. More international efforts are needed to reduce the burden of disease in low income countries, indirectly reducing the risk of travelers in endemic settings. Surveillance activities can help monitor the epidemiology of cases caused by drug-susceptible and resistant strains.

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ESBL-ProducingSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhi in Traveler Returning from Guatemala to Spain

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Antimicrobial resistance pattern: a report of microbiological cultures at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania

Antimicrobial resistance pattern: a report of microbiological cultures at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania

Surveillance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Colombia, 2012–2015

Travel-Related Typhoid Fever: Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature

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