Es gibt Unterschiede im Mikrobiom und Transkriptom bei Neurodermitis

Hülpüsch, Claudia; Traidl‐Hoffmann, Claudia

doi:10.1007/s15033-021-2690-3

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…The first is Acrobulbillites problematicus (DT328), a sphenopsid axial gall occurring on the stem of the equisetalean horsetail Asterophyllites longifolius from the Early Pennsylvanian (ca. 319 Ma) Steinkohlengiberges deposit of Germany (Weiss, 1876;Van Amerom, 1973). This distinctive, tumescent gall with transverse ridges resembles certain malformations on modern horsetail stems (Humbert, 1945).…”

Section: Axial Galls On Horsetails Ferns and Coniferophytes (3)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The first approach, historically the oldest, employs descriptions of galls as they were encountered in studies of fossil floras (Wittlake, 1981;Larew, 1986;Scott et al, 1994;Skuhravá and Skuhravý, 2009). Such descriptions of galls were made often by paleobotanists that noticed unusual structures on fossil (Mei et al, 1992) plants that could not be explained by known traits of plants (Van Amerom, 1973;Hickey and Doyle, 1977;Ash, 1997) but were consistent with known gall structures. Alternatively, gall-like structures originally were described on plants as botanical structures, such as putative bennettitalean microsporophylls (Harris, 1942), pitchers of pitcher plants (Li, 2005), and seeds on a seed-fern leaf (Mamay, 1960), which upon reanalysis, were deemed galls, respectively, by Alvin et al (1967), Stull et al (2013), and Wong et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gall DTs documented in the recent update (late 2020) to Version 3 of the Guide to Insect (and Other) Damage Types on Compressed Plant Fossils heretofore referred to as the Insect Damage Guide-includes earlier documentation for fossil gall DT occurrences (Ash, 1972(Ash, , 1997Van Amerom, 1973;Hickey and Doyle, 1977;Lewis, 1985;Grauvogel-Stamm and Kelber, 1996;Wilf et al, 2005) and was followed by addenda that document DT occurrences after the 2007 publication date (Currano et al, 2008(Currano et al, , 2010Krassilov, 2008;Wappler et al, 2009Wappler et al, , 2012Stull et al, 2013;Schachat et al, 2014Ding et al, 2015;Wong et al, 2015;Herrera et al, 2017;Donovan et al, 2018Donovan et al, , 2020Labandeira et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2018;Carvalho et al, 2021;also Xiao and Labandeira, 2020: personal observation). The Insect Damage Guide lists 407 DTs, of which 93 (22.9%) are galls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecology and Evolution of Gall-Inducing Arthropods: The Pattern From the Terrestrial Fossil Record

Labandeira

2021

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Insect and mite galls on land plants have a spotty but periodically rich and abundant fossil record of damage types (DTs), ichnotaxa, and informally described gall morphotypes. The earliest gall is on a liverwort of the Middle Devonian Period at 385 million years ago (Ma). A 70-million-year-long absence of documented gall activity ensues. Gall activity resumes during the Pennsylvanian Period (315 Ma) on vegetative and reproductive axial organs of horsetails, ferns, and probably conifers, followed by extensive diversification of small, early hemipteroid galler lineages on seed-plant foliage during the Permian Period. The end-Permian (P-Tr) evolutionary and ecological crisis extinguished most gall lineages; survivors diversified whose herbivore component communities surpassed pre-P-Tr levels within 10 million years in the mid-to late Triassic (242 Ma). During the late Triassic and Jurassic Period, new groups of galling insects colonized Ginkgoales, Bennettitales, Pinales, Gnetales, and other gymnosperms, but data are sparse. Diversifying mid-Cretaceous (125–90 Ma) angiosperms hosted a major expansion of 24 gall DTs organized as herbivore component communities, each in overlapping Venn-diagram fashion on early lineages of Austrobaileyales, Laurales, Chloranthales, and Eurosidae for the Dakota Fm (103 Ma). Gall diversification continued into the Ora Fm (92 Ma) of Israel with another 25 gall morphotypes, but as ichnospecies on a different spectrum of plant hosts alongside the earliest occurrence of parasitoid attack. The End-Cretaceous (K-Pg) extinction event (66 Ma) almost extinguished host–specialist DTs; surviving gall lineages expanded to a pre-K-Pg level 10 million years later at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) (56 Ma), at which time a dramatic increase of land surface temperatures and multiplying of atmospheric pCO2 levels induced a significant level of increased herbivory, although gall diversity increased only after the PETM excursion and during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). After the EECO, modern (or structurally convergent) gall morphotypes originate in the mid-Paleogene (49–40 Ma), evidenced by the Republic, Messel, and Eckfeld floras on hosts different from their modern analogs. During subsequent global aridification, the early Neogene (20 Ma) Most flora of the Czech Republic records several modern associations with gallers and plant hosts congeneric with their modern analogs. Except for 21 gall DTs in New Zealand flora, the gall record decreases in richness, although an early Pleistocene (3 Ma) study in France documents the same plant surviving as an endemic northern Iran but with decreasing associational, including gall, host specificity.

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Section: Axial Galls On Horsetails Ferns and Coniferophytes (3)mentioning

confidence: 97%