Erythromycin-Resistant Pharyngeal Isolates of
            <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>
            Recovered in Italy

Dicuonzo, Giordano; Fiscarelli, Ersilia; Gherardi, Giovanni; Lorino, G.; Battistoni, Fabrizio; Landi, Simona; Cesaris, Marina De; Petitti, Tommasangelo; Beall, Bernard

doi:10.1128/aac.46.12.3987-3990.2002

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Most known sof-positive strains are mga locus pattern E strains (18). There are previous data suggesting that pattern A to C strains and pattern D strains primarily colonize at the throat and skin sites, respectively (2,3,7). All or most pattern E isolates are sof positive, and data suggest no site preferences for colonization (2,3,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…There are previous data suggesting that pattern A to C strains and pattern D strains primarily colonize at the throat and skin sites, respectively (2,3,7). All or most pattern E isolates are sof positive, and data suggest no site preferences for colonization (2,3,7). Here we describe 120 noninvasive isolates collected from skin impetigo lesions and the oropharynx of asymptomatic children in far-western Nepal.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetically Diverse Group A Streptococci from Children in Far-Western Nepal Share High Genetic Relatedness with Isolates from Other Countries

et al. 2006

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The genetic diversity of group A streptococci (GAS) throughout much of the world has not been adequately explored. To assess genetic variation among GAS in western Nepal, 120 noninvasive GAS, collected from eight different villages, were genetically characterized using emm typing, sof sequencing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A high level of genetic diversity was observed among these isolates, with 51 genotypes based upon 51 multilocus sequence types (STs), 45 emm sequence types, and 28 sof sequence types. On the basis of shared ST-emm and sof-emm associations, 40 of the 51 genotypes were identical or highly related to genotypes characterized from locations outside of Nepal, even though most of the emm sequence and clonal types are rare among GAS within the United States. When analyzing all known STs highly related to Nepal STs, only one example of similar STs shared between a sof PCR-positive strain and a sof PCR-negative strain was observed. Since previous data indicate free exchange of MLST loci between sof-positive and sof-negative strains, there is possibly selection against the expansion of subclones resulting from horizontal transfers of sof or emm genes between sof-positive and sof-negative strains. All 45 emm types encountered in Nepal have also been documented from other countries. These data, together with data encompassing the past decade of emm type surveillance, support the possibility that most existing GAS emm types have been discovered. Similarly, since most (40/51) strain types were highly related to strains found elsewhere, it is likely that a major fraction of the existing GAS clonal complexes have been discovered.

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confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

Genetically Diverse Group A Streptococci from Children in Far-Western Nepal Share High Genetic Relatedness with Isolates from Other Countries

et al. 2006

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“…Eleven (6,7,15,21,22). emm types 1, 4, 12, 28, 58, 89, 94, and 14 were also identified among our resistant isolates.…”

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confidence: 98%

Erythromycin-Resistant Group A Streptococcal Isolates Collected between 2000 and 2005 in Oahu, Hawaii, and Their emm Types

et al. 2005

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“…An important point in favour of continued use of penicillin is the lack of resistance by GABHS, as opposed to the use of erythromycin and other macrolides, where widespread use promotes resistance. [15,16] An additional advantage of penicillin is its narrow spectrum of activity, which reduces the risk of selection of resistance.…”

Section: Penicillinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated recommendations for the management of upper respiratory tract infections in South Africa

et al. 2015

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Corresponding author: A J Brink (brinka@ampath.co.za)Background. Inappropriate use of antibiotics for non-severe upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), most of which are viral, signifi cantly adds to the burden of antibiotic resistance. Since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in South Africa in 2009, the relative frequency of the major bacterial pathogens causing acute otitis media (AOM) and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) has changed. Recommendations. Since URTIs are mostly viral in aetiology and bacterial AOM and ABRS frequently resolve spontaneously, these recommendations include diagnostic criteria to assist in separating viral from bacterial causes and hence select those patients who do not require antibiotics. Penicillin remains the drug of choice for tonsillopharyngitis and amoxicillin the drug of choice for both AOM and ABRS. A dose of 90 mg/kg/d is recommended for children, which should be effective for pneumococci with high-level penicillin resistance and will also cover most infections with Haemophilus influenzae. Amoxicillin-clavulanate (in high-dose amoxicillin formulations available for both children and adults) should be considered the initial treatment of choice in patients with recent antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin (previous 30 days) and with resistant H. influenzae infections pending the results of studies of local epidemiology (β-lactamase production ≥15%). The macrolide/azalide class of antibiotics is not recommended routinely for URTIs and is reserved for β-lactam-allergic patients. Conclusion. These recommendations should facilitate rational anti biotic prescribing for URTIs as a component of antibiotic stewardship. They will require updating when new information becomes available, particularly from randomised controlled trials and surveillance studies of local aetiology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

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Erythromycin-Resistant Pharyngeal Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes Recovered in Italy

Cited by 41 publications

References 42 publications

Genetically Diverse Group A Streptococci from Children in Far-Western Nepal Share High Genetic Relatedness with Isolates from Other Countries

Genetically Diverse Group A Streptococci from Children in Far-Western Nepal Share High Genetic Relatedness with Isolates from Other Countries

Erythromycin-Resistant Group A Streptococcal Isolates Collected between 2000 and 2005 in Oahu, Hawaii, and Their emm Types

Updated recommendations for the management of upper respiratory tract infections in South Africa

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