Erythromycin-Resistant Group A Streptococcal Isolates Recovered in Sofia, Bulgaria, from 1995 to 2001

Abstract

The frequency of erythromycin resistance within group A streptococci in Sofia, Bulgaria, from 1995 to 2001 was 2.1% (26 isolates). Of this, 57.7% was macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) inducible, 7.7% was MLS constitutive, and 34.6% had the M phenotype. Eleven different emm sequence types were found among 25 erythromycin-resistant isolates tested. Nineteen of 26 erythromycin-resistant isolates were additionally resistant to tetracycline and/or chloramphenicol.

Macrolide and Tetracycline Resistance andemmType Distribution ofStreptococcus pyogenesIsolates Recovered from Turkish Patients

“…However, we did not detect any significant distribution in macrolide or tetracycline-resistant isolates. The heterogeneity of emm types among macrolide-resistant and tetracycline-resistant isolates in the present study is compatible with some reports 37 and contrasts with the others 14,19,26,27,30,39 . Montes et al reported an association between emm77 and tet(M).…”

“…8,29,33,39 Low erythromycin resistance rates (0.6%-6.8%) were reported in some countries. 14,15,21,23,25,28,30,37 Our erythromycin resistance rate was similar to rates in the United States (9.6%), 19 Germany (12.7%), 4 and Greece 280 DUNDAR ET AL.…”

“…1,2 The M phenotype is the predominant phenotype in many countries, 7,15,19,34,37 whereas iMLS is the most common phenotype in some countries 4,14,25,30 . Differences among the countries could be due to different antibiotic using patterns.…”

Resistance of Group B Streptococcus to Selected Antibiotics, Including Erythromycin and Clindamycin

“…Mortality of GBS sepsis in neonates is over 50% and is particularly high in preterm infants. Maternal intrapartum prophylaxis for pregnant women colonized with GBS has been recommended for several years (1,2,4,8,9), since clinical trials showed that the administration of antibiotics to women in labor drastically reduced early-onset invasive GBS infection in the neonate.The revised Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines issued in 2002 differ from previous guidelines in that universal culture-based screening for vaginal-rectal colonization with GBS is recommended for all pregnant women at 35 to 37 weeks of gestation. These guidelines recommend susceptibility testing to erythromycin and clindamycin on GBS isolates from penicillin-allergic women at risk for anaphylaxis.…”

“…Mortality of GBS sepsis in neonates is over 50% and is particularly high in preterm infants. Maternal intrapartum prophylaxis for pregnant women colonized with GBS has been recommended for several years (1,2,4,8,9), since clinical trials showed that the administration of antibiotics to women in labor drastically reduced early-onset invasive GBS infection in the neonate.…”