Erythromycin Ointment for Ocular Prophylaxis of Neonatal Chlamydial Infection

Hammerschlag, Margaret R.; Chandler, John W.; Alexander, E. Russell; English, M; Chiang, Wen Tsuo; Koutsky, Laura A.; Eschenbach, David A.; Smith, J. R.

doi:10.1001/jama.1980.03310200031021

Cited by 101 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Ocular prophylaxis with local erythromycin has been attempted in some units in the United States but it is not completely effective in preventing conjunctivitis and in no way alters the incidence of C trachomatis infection in the respiratory tract. 18 Respiratory infections in the first four months are frequently caused by C trachomatis.3 The rate in this study is an underestimate as seven children with conjunctivitis were treated with systemic antibiotics and so were no longer susceptible to C trachomatis respiratory infection, so the true rate was six of 36 (17%). As these seven children suffered the most severe conjunctivitis, the rate in untreated infants may even be higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in infants: a prospective study.

Preece

Anderson

Thompson

1989

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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SUMMARY In a prospective study of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy, 198 mothers positive for chlamydial antigen were identified; the infants of 174 were followed for up to six months and C trachomatis was recovered in cell culture from 43 infants (25%). Conjuctivitis occurred in significantly more infants who were positive for C trachomatis (20 of 43, 47%) than in those who were negative (18 of 131, 14%). There were also significantly more lower respiratory tract infections among infants with positive cultures (six of 43, 14%, compared with three of 131, 2%). The chlamydial antigen enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was positive in 61 of 131 infants from whom C trachomatis was not recovered in cell culture. False positive results were usually associated with the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from samples of pharyngeal aspirate.Our results confirm that C trachomatis infection is a common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis, and respiratory infection in the first few months of life, with an incidence of 8-2/1000 live births. Because the infection is easily treated by oral erythromycin, however, screening during pregnancy is not warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in infants: a prospective study.

Preece

Anderson

Thompson

1989

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…540,541 A variety of interventions have been evaluated for prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum in developed countries, mostly in hospital settings, and have largely focused on the prevention of gonococcal infections. [542][543][544][545] These studies have suggested that silver-nitrate, tetracycline, or erythromycin ointments given prophylactically are equivalent in efficacy. 546,547 The WHO recommends 1% silver-nitrate solution, 1% tetracycline ointment, or 2.5% povidone-iodine within 1 hour of delivery.…”

Section: Prevention and Treatment Of Ophthalmia Neonatorummentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Background. Infant and under-5 childhood mortality rates in developing countries have declined significantly in the past 2 to 3 decades. However, 2 critical indicators, maternal and newborn mortality, have hardly changed. World leaders at the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000 agreed on a critical goal to reduce deaths of children <5 years by two thirds, but this may be unattainable without halving newborn deaths, which now comprise 40% of all under-5 deaths. Greater emphasis on wide-scale implementation of proven, cost-effective measures is required to save women's and newborns' lives. Approximately 99% of neonatal deaths take place in developing countries, mostly in homes and communities. A comprehensive review of the evidence base for impact of interventions on neonatal health and survival in developingcountry communities has not been reported.Objective. This review of community-based antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal intervention trials in developing countries aimed to identify (1) key behaviors and interventions for which the weight of evidence is sufficient to recommend their inclusion in communitybased neonatal care programs and (2) key gaps in knowledge and priority areas for future research and program learning.Methods. Available published and unpublished data on the impact of community-based strategies and interventions on perinatal and neonatal health status outcomes were reviewed. Evidence was summarized systematically and categorized into 4 levels of evidence based on study size, location, design, and reported impact, particularly on perinatal or neonatal mortality. The evidence was placed in the context of biological plausibility of the intervention; evidence from relevant developed-country studies; health care program experience in implementation; and recommendations from the World Health Organization and other leading agencies.Results. A paucity of community-based data was found from developing-country studies on health status impact for many interventions currently being considered for inclusion in neonatal health programs. However, review of the evidence and consideration of the broader context of knowledge, experience, and recommendations regarding these interventions enabled us to categorize them according to the strength of the evidence base and confidence regarding their inclusion now in programs. This article identifies a package of priority interventions to include in programs and formulates research priorities for advancing the state of the art in neonatal health care.Conclusions. This review emphasizes some new findings while recommending an integrated approach to safe motherhood and newborn health. The results of this study provide a foundation for policies and programs related to maternal and newborn health and emphasizes the importance of health systems research and evaluation of interventions. The review offers compelling support for using research to identify the most effective measures to save newborn lives. It also may facilitate dialogue with policy...

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“…trachomatis infection, a prevalent sexually transmitted proved a definite role of C. trachomatis infection in adverse disease, is associated with complications like ectopic pregnancy outcome. [1][2][3][4] If not treated on time their newborns pregnancy, fallopian tube block and adverse pregnancy run a 20-40% risk of developing chlamydial conjunctivitis [7][8][9] outcome. [1][2][3][4] In majority of the women the infection with this and a 10-20% risk of developing chlamydial pneumonia.…”

Section: Abstract: Chlamydia Trachomatis Antigen Blocking Antibodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatisantigen detection in pregnancy and its verification by antibody blocking assay

Malenie

Mathur

2006

Indian J Med Microbiol

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Purpose: To detect the prevalence of genital infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnant women and also to confirm the positive results using blocking antibody assay. Methods: Endocervical specimens were collected from 200 symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women attending the ANC OPD at M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar. The samples were tested for presence of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen using the monoclonal antibody. Blocking antibody assay was used to further verify the positive results. Results: Out of 200 pregnant women, 38 (19%) were found positive for Chlamydia trachomatis antigen. Out of the 68 symptomatic patients, C. trachomatis antigen was detected in 26.4%. After verification of the positive samples 13.6% of the asymptomatic pregnant women were found to be harbouring the infection in their genital tract. Two (5.2%) out of the 38 positive samples, on verification with the blocking antibody assay, were found to be false positive by IDEIA, TM thus the specificity of the IDEIA TM being 94.8%. In patients with previous history of abortions, 27.7% were tested positive for C. trachomatis infection. Conclusions: Significant number of pregnant women shad C. trachomatis antigen in their endocervical canal, which can be easily diagnosed by this simple enzyme immuno assay having a specificity of 94.8%. Verification of positive results by antibody blocking assay can further improve the specificity of this non-culture test. Asymptomatic patients should also be screened for the infection. History of previous abortions places the patient at a higher risk for C. trachomatis infection thus such patients should be definitely tested for chlamydia infection. Key words: Chlamydia trachomatis, antigen, blocking antibody, pregnancyC. trachomatis infection, a prevalent sexually transmitted proved a definite role of C. trachomatis infection in adverse disease, is associated with complications like ectopic pregnancy outcome. [1][2][3][4] If not treated on time their newborns pregnancy, fallopian tube block and adverse pregnancy run a 20-40% risk of developing chlamydial conjunctivitis [7][8][9] outcome. [1][2][3][4] In majority of the women the infection with this and a 10-20% risk of developing chlamydial pneumonia. 7,9,10 organism is asymptomatic or with minimal symptoms. Studies from India have reported that 15% of young Therefore, screening of women at risk is highly recommended. asymptomatic women are positive for this infection. 11 In this study, an effort was made to detect C. trachomatis antigen Women at highest risk often have the least access to health from the endocervical specimens of the pregnant women and care facilities. Therefore there is a need for a rapid, simple and to verify the positive results with the antibody blocking assay accurate test to detect C. trachomatis infection, which can so as to achieve the most accurate results. be performed outside the laboratory setting when the patient is still in the clinical setting. Materials and Methods Detection of C. trachomatis infection b...

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Erythromycin Ointment for Ocular Prophylaxis of Neonatal Chlamydial Infection

Cited by 101 publications

References 8 publications

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in infants: a prospective study.

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in infants: a prospective study.

Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

Chlamydia trachomatisantigen detection in pregnancy and its verification by antibody blocking assay

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