Erythrocyte Na/K ATPase activity and diabetes: relationship with C-peptide level

Low O2-induced ATP release from erythrocytes of humans with type 2 diabetes is restored by physiological ratios of C-peptide and insulin

“…retain modest beta-cell activity, allowing for the production of low levels of C-peptide (9,10,20). In a study analyzing patient tertiles based on C-peptide levels, the incidence of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy decreased from the first (Cpeptide Յ 0.47 nM) to the third tertile (C-peptide Ն 0.80 nM) (7).…”

“…In a study analyzing patient tertiles based on C-peptide levels, the incidence of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy decreased from the first (Cpeptide Յ 0.47 nM) to the third tertile (C-peptide Ն 0.80 nM) (7). In humans with type 2 diabetes, several reports suggest that a basal level of C-peptide of ϳ0.4 nM is often present, with minimal increases occurring after meals due to some residual beta-cell activity (9,10,20). Here, we report that in the presence of 1 nM insulin-a concentration of insulin that may be present in insulin-treated humans with type 2 diabetes-0.4 nM C-peptide is insufficient to restore low O 2 -induced ATP release from erythrocytes of humans with type 2 diabetes (Fig.…”

Anemia its presence and severity in type 2 DM and its relationship with micro and macro vascular complications

“…Anemia becomes increasingly common as GFR declines below 60 ml/min/1.73m2. [35][36][37] As mentioned earlier, it may occur due to destruction of peritubular fibroblasts and decrease in EPO levels even before detectable reduction in GFR. 38,26 The incidence of micro albuminuria increase significantly with the longer duration of diabetes.…”

Protein Kinases and Protein Phosphatases as Participants in Signal Transduction of Erythrocytes

“…It has been reported that insulin restores the activity of Na+/K +-ATPase (De La Tour et al 1998). The decrease in Na + /K + adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in erythrocytes of type 1 diabetes is thought to play a role in the development of long-term complication.…”