Erythrocyte Morphology and Haemoglobin Types of Neonatal Roan Antelopes (Hippotragus equinus) with Hypochromic Poikilocytic Anaemia

Parsons, Sven D.C.; Penzhorn, Barend Louis; Reyers, Fred; Steyl, Johan Christian Abraham; Becker, Piet J.

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.09.008

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Elliptocytes, dacryocytes, keratocytes, and schistocytes are often observed in iron-deficient animals ( 2 ). Poikilocytes in iron-deficient calves consisted mainly of acanthocytes and a few schistocytes ( 10 ), while antelope calves with hypochromic anemia had primarily elliptocytes ( 6 ), with fewer acanthocytes, dacryocytes and schistocytes, as also seen in goat kids in our study. Adult and juvenile goats with GI parasitism and adult goats with Johne’s disease had more elliptocytes and/or dacryocytes than in other diseases, suggesting these poikilocytes may be evidence of underlying iron deficiency.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Early iron deficiency is most severe in piglets (due to a lack of iron stores) but is a frequent condition in most domestic animal species and in human infants ( 12 , 21 ). Hypochromic anemia with poikilocytosis in neonatal roan antelope was attributed solely to hemoglobin class switching (e.g., due to a thalassaemia-like imbalance in globin chains); but iron parameters were not evaluated and an outbreak of hemorrhagic calf diarrhea may have altered iron and erythrocyte parameters ( 6 ). Although we also did not evaluate iron parameters, our results and those of most other studies in ruminants support iron-restricted erythropoiesis as a contributing factor in the development of physiologic poikilocytosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Re-examining poikilocytosis in goats: prevalence, type and association with age and disease

Vasilatis,

Christopher

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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BackgroundDomestic goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) are a food, fiber and companion animal. Abnormal erythrocyte shapes (poikilocytes) are considered normal in young goats, but their association with disease is not well described. Likewise, there is little information on the significance of poikilocytosis in adult goats.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, severity and type of poikilocytosis in young and adult goats and its association with age, sex, breed, laboratory results, and underlying disease.MethodsWe retrospectively examined clinical and laboratory data from 1254 goats presented at the University of California-Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from 1997 to 2019. We analyzed 313 blood smears from goats with moderate or marked (MOD-MKD) poikilocytosis on initial blood smear evaluation. Number and type of poikilocytes per 1000 red blood cells (RBCs) were enumerated. Laboratory values and primary disease categories were compared with the severity and type of poikilocytosis.ResultsKids (<6 mos) and juveniles (>6 mos to <1 year) had a higher prevalence of MOD-MKD poikilocytosis (95/210, 45.2% kids; 27/59, 45.8% juveniles) than adult goats (≥1 year; 190/982, 19.3%) (p < 0.001). Kids had a higher percentage of elliptocytes, dacryocytes, and schistocytes and a lower percentage of polygonal and spiculated RBCs than juvenile and adult goats (p < 0.001). Of goats with MOD-MKD (vs NONE-SLIGHT) poikilocytosis, kids had lower HGB and MCH, and higher RDW (p ≤ 0.02); juveniles and adult goats had lower HCT, MCV, MCH, and albumin concentration (p ≤ 0.01), and all age groups had lower total CO2 concentration and higher PLT counts (p < 0.03). Adult goats with MOD-MKD poikilocytosis also had higher BUN:Cr ratios (p = 0.005). Gastrointestinal parasitism, Johne’s disease, diarrhea/enteritis, lice, hepatic disease and renal disease (but not urolithiasis) were significantly associated with MOD-MKD poikilocytosis (p < 0.001). Goats with hepatic and renal disease had a higher prevalence and percentage of spiculated cells (p = 0.001). Goats with Johne’s disease had a higher prevalence of polygonal cells (93.3%) and dacryocytes (66.7%) than other diseases, and elliptocytes predominated in a higher proportion (36.0%) of adult goats with GI parasitism vs other diseases (p < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings suggest that iron deficiency is an important pathophysiologic mechanism of poikilocytosis in juvenile and adult goats, and possibly in kids, whether due to iron-restricted erythropoiesis, chronic hemorrhage, functional iron deficiency, or a combination of these mechanisms. Further investigation into the detection and monitoring of iron deficiency and the value of poikilocytosis as a diagnostic marker of iron status in goats is warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-examining poikilocytosis in goats: prevalence, type and association with age and disease

Vasilatis,

Christopher

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…45,110,154 In some antelope species (eg, West African/Western roan antelope [Hippotragus equinus koba]), hypochromic poikilocytic anemia of neonates, which is thought to develop due to delayed or asynchronous perinatal switching over from fetal to adult hemoglobin, may predispose the young of these antelope species to pathogenic theileriosis. 139,173 It has been proposed that this physiologic anemia contributes to the motionlessness of Hippotragini calves during the early neonatal period, when they are sequestered from the rest of the herd for 2 to 4 weeks in tall grass or brush. 139,173 However, whether it does predispose the calves of some species to pathogenic theileriosis requires further investigation.…”

Section: Host Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…139,173 It has been proposed that this physiologic anemia contributes to the motionlessness of Hippotragini calves during the early neonatal period, when they are sequestered from the rest of the herd for 2 to 4 weeks in tall grass or brush. 139,173 However, whether it does predispose the calves of some species to pathogenic theileriosis requires further investigation.…”

Section: Host Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology of Pathogenic Theileriosis in African Wild Artiodactyls

et al. 2019

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The published literature on schizont-“transforming,” or pathogenic theileriosis, in African wild artiodactyls is dated and based on limited information. Here the authors review the taxonomy, diagnosis, epidemiology, hematology, pathology, and aspects of control in various species. Molecular studies based on 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequences have shown that African wild artiodactyls are commonly infected with diverse Theileria spp., as well as nontheilerial hemoprotozoa and rickettsia-like bacteria, and coinfections with pathogenic and nonpathogenic Theileria species are often recorded. Although theileriosis is still confusingly referred to as cytauxzoonosis in many species, the validity of a separate Cytauxzoon genus in artiodactyls is debated. The epidemiology of theileriosis is complex; the likelihood of fatal disease depends on the interplay of parasite, vertebrate host, tick vector, and environmental factors. Roan calves ( Hippotragus equinus) and stressed animals of all host species are more susceptible to fatal theileriosis. Even though regenerative anemia is common, peripheral blood piroplasm parasitemia does not correlate with disease severity. Other than anemia, common macroscopic lesions include icterus, hemorrhages (mucosal, serosal, and tissue), fluid effusions into body cavities, lung edema, and variably sized raised cream-colored foci of leukocyte infiltration in multiple organs. Histopathologic findings include vasocentric hyperproliferation and lysis of atypical leukocytes with associated intracellular schizonts, parenchymal necrosis, hemorrhage, thromboembolism, and edema. Immunophenotyping is required to establish the identity of the schizont-transformed leukocytes in wild ungulates. Throughout the review, we propose avenues for future research by comparing existing knowledge on selected aspects of theileriosis in domestic livestock with that in African wild artiodactyls.

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“…O fato é explicado pela expansão do volume plasmático induzido pelo consumo de colostro ou leite, e pela destruição dos eritrócitos fetais, além da baixa reserva de ferro para produção de hemoglobina (BENESI, 1992;THRALL, 2007). Parsons et al (2006) , 1992).…”

Section: Anemiaunclassified

<b>Influência do tipo de nascimento (parto espontâneo, parto cesariana sem indução e com indução) no eritrograma de bezerros Nelore</b>

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Erythrocyte Morphology and Haemoglobin Types of Neonatal Roan Antelopes (Hippotragus equinus) with Hypochromic Poikilocytic Anaemia

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Re-examining poikilocytosis in goats: prevalence, type and association with age and disease

Re-examining poikilocytosis in goats: prevalence, type and association with age and disease

The Pathology of Pathogenic Theileriosis in African Wild Artiodactyls

<b>Influência do tipo de nascimento (parto espontâneo, parto cesariana sem indução e com indução) no eritrograma de bezerros Nelore</b>

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