Erythrocyte fatty acid composition of Nepal breast-fed infants

Henjum, Sigrun; Lie, Øyvind; Ulak, Manjeswori; Thorne‐Lyman, Andrew L.; Chandyo, Ram Krishna; Shrestha, Prakash; Fawzi, Wafaie W.; Strand, Tor A.; Kjellevold, Marian

doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1384-4

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The median value of subjects DHA intake in this study (158.5 mg/day) was higher than the FAO estimation of DHA intake for developing country in South East Asia (134 mg/day), it is also higher than Kim et al 23 in South Korea. However, it was still below FAO recommendation for lactating mother (200mg/day), only 32.5% of the study subjects meet the recommendation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Correlation Between Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake and It’s Content in Breast Milk of Lactating Mothers in Jakarta

2020

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Objective: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the predominant structural fatty acid in the brain and crucial for cognitive development in early life. Newborn DHA intake completely depends on preformed DHA in mother’s breast milk. In advancing years, globalization has been declining the fish intake of Asian countries. This study aims to determine DHA intake among lactating mothers in Jakarta and its association with breast milk’s DHA.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Grogol Petamburan and Cilincing Public Health Centers, Jakarta. Eighty healthy lactating mothers aged 20–35 years old in 1–6 months postpartum were taken using consecutive sampling method. Characteristics data were taken by interviews and DHA intake was assessed with the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Breast milk specimens were collected in the morning and its DHA content was analyzed using Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry. Descriptive analyses and Spearman rho test were used with a 95% confidence level.Result: This study showed the median of subjects’ DHA intake was 158.5(13.9–719.7) mg/day, i.e., 67.5% of the subjects was below Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommendation. The median of breast milk DHA was 51.7(19–184.7) mg/day, only 42.5 % of the subjects had breast milk DHA to meet the minimal requirement of their infant. A moderate positive correlation was found between maternal DHA intake with breast milk DHA (r = 0.478, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Maternal DHA intake has moderate positive correlation with breast milk DHA, more than half of the subject had DHA intake below FAO recommendation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Correlation Between Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake and It’s Content in Breast Milk of Lactating Mothers in Jakarta

2020

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“…One study found SFAs to be elevated in children with MAM, 52 although the proportion of SFA was decreased in children with SAM. 53,54 In the cohort from this study, children with MAM had a higher ratio of SFA:PUFA than HCs. Thus, it is feasible that buildup of saturated LCFAs and acylcarnitines in circulation due to deficits in LCFA oxidation Exposure of healthy PBMCs to plasma from children with MAM produced an inflammatory profile similar to what was observed in whole blood samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Environmental, Metabolic, and Inflammatory Factors Converge in the Pathogenesis of Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Children: An Observational Cohort Study

Patterson

Manthi

Osuna

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Acute malnutrition affects more than 50 million children worldwide. These children are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from infectious disease. However, the pathogenesis of acute malnutrition and mechanisms underlying the increased risk and poor outcomes from infection are not well understood. Our objective was to identify differences in inflammation and inflammatory responses between children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and healthy controls (HCs), and search for environmental, pathophysiological, and metabolic factors that may influence this response. Sixteen children with MAM and 16 HCs aged 18–36 months were studied in Nairobi, Kenya. None of the children had symptoms of an infectious disease (fever, diarrhea, or cough) in the 2 weeks before enrollment and sample collection. Demographic and health data were provided by their primary caregivers. Blood samples were collected to measure various biomarkers and the response to an inflammatory stimulus. Children with MAM were more frequently from households with contaminated water, crowding, and unstable income sources. They also had increases in basal inflammation, circulating bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), markers of intestinal damage, and an exaggerated whole blood inflammatory response to LPS. Metabolic changes in children with MAM led to increased plasma levels of long-chain fatty acids, which were found to contribute to the pro-inflammatory state. These exploratory findings suggest convergence of multiple factors to promote dysregulated inflammatory responses and prompt several mechanistic hypotheses that can be pursued to better understand the pathogenesis of MAM.

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“…HIC child populations also exhibit variability in FA levels (Table 1). The mean DHA level of children 7-9 years old from the United Kingdom was 1.9% (SD: 0.53) [34], which was relatively low compared to LMIC child populations, notably Nepalese children from 0 to 12 months old (mean: 4.9%, SD not reported) [50]. Many other HIC child populations, however, had higher DHA levels than those seen in the United Kingdom, notably Inuit Canadian children aged 11-53 months (mean (SD): 2.67 (1.52)%) [37], Dutch children aged 7-8 years (2.8 (0.7)%) [51], Norwegian children aged 1 year (6.00 (1.00)%) [58], and South Korean children aged 4-6 years (8.3 (1.3)%) [35].…”

Section: Comparison Of Pufa Levels Between Global Child Populationsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Furthermore, a separate study of 303 well-nourished breastfed infants in Nepal, who exhibited total PUFA levels of 38% total FA, showed that HAZ was positively associated with DHA and ARA status (p = 0.04 and p = 0.002, respectively) [50]. A longitudinal study of American infants from birth to 6 months of age found that low neonatal plasma n-3 PUFA levels at birth were positively associated with adiposity-related growth parameters during development, i.e., high skinfold thickness at birth and increased BAZ from birth to 6 months of age (p = 0.046) [72].…”

Section: Associations Between Pufas and Growth Outcomes In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Commonly measured growth parameters include height-for-age z-score (HAZ) as a measure of stunting; weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), weight-for-height z-score (WHZ), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as measures of wasting and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM); and BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) as a measure of weight category. Inadequate PUFA levels and growth parameters in infants are most common in LMICs, where the intake of food products high in both EFAs and PUFAs is low, and malnutrition and inflammation are high [32,36,39,45,50,66]. As PUFAs have been shown to resolve inflammation in young children, low PUFA intake likely exacerbates chronic inflammation resulting from malnutrition and environmental factors, which together disrupt normal growth [67].…”

Section: Associations Between Pufas and Growth Outcomes In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Perspectives on the Associations between Blood Fatty Acids, Growth Parameters, and Cognitive Development in Global Child Populations

et al. 2023

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Malnutrition is prevalent in low-middle-income countries (LMICs), but it is usually clinically diagnosed through abnormal anthropometric parameters characteristic of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). In doing so, other contributors or byproducts of malnutrition, notably essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), are overlooked. Previous research performed mainly in high-income countries (HICs) shows that deficiencies in essential fatty acids (EFAs) and their n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) byproducts (also known as highly unsaturated fatty acids or HUFAs) lead to both abnormal linear growth and impaired cognitive development. These adverse developmental outcomes remain an important public health issue in LMICs. To identify EFAD before severe malnutrition develops, clinicians should perform blood fatty acid panels to measure levels of fatty acids associated with EFAD, notably Mead acid and HUFAs. This review demonstrates the importance of measuring endogenous fatty acid levels for measuring fatty acid intake in various child populations in LMICs. Featured topics include a comparison of fatty acid levels between global child populations, the relationships between growth and cognition and PUFAs and the possible mechanisms driving these relationships, and the potential importance of EFAD and HUFA scores as biomarkers of overall health and normal development.

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Erythrocyte fatty acid composition of Nepal breast-fed infants

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Correlation Between Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake and It’s Content in Breast Milk of Lactating Mothers in Jakarta

Correlation Between Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake and It’s Content in Breast Milk of Lactating Mothers in Jakarta

Environmental, Metabolic, and Inflammatory Factors Converge in the Pathogenesis of Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Children: An Observational Cohort Study

New Perspectives on the Associations between Blood Fatty Acids, Growth Parameters, and Cognitive Development in Global Child Populations

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