Erythrocyte concentrations of chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and zinc in subjects with different physical training levels

Abstract

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine changes occurring in the erythrocyte concentrations of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) in male subjects with different training levels living in the same region (Spain). Methods: Thirty sedentary subjects (24.34 ± 3.02 years) formed the control group (CG); 24 moderately trained (4-7 h/week) subjects (23.53 ± 1.85 years) formed the group with a moderate degree of training (MTG) and 22 professional cyclists (23.29 ± 2.73 years), who performed more than 20 h/week of training, formed the highlevel training group (HTG). Erythrocyte samples were collected from all subjects in fasting conditions, washed and frozen at − 80°C until analysis. Erythrocyte analysis of trace elements was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: The results showed that there was a statistically significant lower erythrocyte concentration of Cu, Mn, Mo and Zn in the MTG and HTG than CG. Se was only significantly lower in HTG than CG. The correlation analysis indicates that this change was correlated with training in the case of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn. All results are expressed in μg/g Hb. Conclusions: We can conclude that physical training produces a decrease in erythrocyte concentrations of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn, which can cause a decrement in athletes' performance given the importance of these elements. For this reason, erythrocyte monitoring during the season would seem to be advisable to avoid negative effects on performance.

Influence of physical training on intracellular and extracellular zinc concentrations

“…The Zn concentrations obtained in each compartment were within the ranges reported in other investigations with similar techniques [ 12 , 17 , 46–48 ]. In addition, the Zn concentrations in the different compartments were determined by ICP-MS, so there is no variability in terms of the analytical instrument used.…”

“…The participants had to meet the following criteria for their inclusion in the study: must be a male, not have any injuries or illness during the investigation or at least 6 months before the study, and not follow any special diet or take vitamin/mineral supplements, or specific supplementation, medication, or over-the-counter medication. The measurements, sample collection, and Zn determination were carried out at the beginning of the season and were similar to those described by Maynar et al [ 15 , 17 ].…”

“…In the TG, training intensity and volume were reduced on the two previous days applying a regenerative load. The preparation of the samples was similar to that described by Maynar et al [ 15 , 17 ].…”

Comparison of Trace Elements Levels in Atrial Fibrillation Patients and Healthy Group

“…Trace elements such as Zn, Cu, and Se are micronutrients which are obtained by some foods and are available as a dietary supplement. Zinc (Zn) is an enzymatic cofactor that helps to keep bio-membranes contrary to per oxidative injury [1,2]. Zn has an essential role in several biological events like nucleic acid, protein synthesis, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism.…”

“…Zn with deactivation of the superoxide radicals converts them to safe forms. Furthermore, Zn causes the reduction of the damage of the myocardium through reduced construction of hydroxyl radicals [1][2][3]. Additionally, lack of Zn creates some problems for cell membrane phospholipids to free radical destruction and oxidative variations [4].…”