Erythemal Solar Irradiance, UVER, and UV Index from Ground-Based Data in Central Spain

Bilbao, J.; Migue, Argimiro de

doi:10.3390/app10186589

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These SED and cumulative SED values (over 50 SED) are close to those obtained in this region of the globe at similar latitudes by [ 13 ]. In the northern hemisphere, in Spain, cumulative SED values of over 60 SED were also reported by [ 55 ]. The cumulative SEDs over the day for the entire study period presented here show that the health risk thresholds were exceeded in Moroni throughout the year and for any skin type.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Monitoring Solar Radiation UV Exposure in the Comoros

Lamy

Ranaivombola

Benchérif

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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As part of the UV-Indien project, a station for measuring ultraviolet radiation and the cloud fraction was installed in December 2019 in Moroni, the capital of the Comoros, situated on the west coast of the island of Ngazidja. A ground measurement campaign was also carried out on 12 January 2020 during the ascent of Mount Karthala, located in the center of the island of Ngazidja. In addition, satellite estimates (Ozone Monitoring Instrument and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) and model outputs (Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service and Tropospheric Ultraviolet Model) were combined for this same region. On the one hand, these different measurements and estimates make it possible to quantify, evaluate, and monitor the health risk linked to exposure to ultraviolet radiation in this region and, on the other, they help to understand how cloud cover influences the variability of UV-radiation on the ground. The measurements of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument onboard the EOS-AURA satellite, being the longest timeseries of ultraviolet measurements available in this region, make it possible to quantify the meteorological conditions in Moroni and to show that more than 80% of the ultraviolet indices are classified as high, and that 60% of these are classified as extreme. The cloud cover measured in Moroni by an All Sky Camera was used to distinguish between the cases of UV index measurements taken under clear or cloudy sky conditions. The ground-based measurements thus made it possible to describe the variability of the diurnal cycle of the UV index and the influence of cloud cover on this parameter. They also permitted the satellite measurements and the results of the simulations to be validated. In clear sky conditions, a relative difference of between 6 and 11% was obtained between satellite or model estimates and ground measurements. The ultraviolet index measurement campaign on Mount Karthala showed maximum one-minute standard erythemal doses at 0.3 J·m−2 and very high daily cumulative erythemal doses, at more than 80 J·m−2. These very high levels are also observed throughout the year and all skin phototypes can exceed the daily erythemal dose threshold, at more than 20 J·m−2.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Monitoring Solar Radiation UV Exposure in the Comoros

Lamy

Ranaivombola

Benchérif

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Rapid inactivation of the virus exposed to sunlight calibrated for 40˚ North latitude (Equivalent to Madrid / Philadelphia) in under 20 minutes has been reported 29 . However, areas situated above 50˚ North latitude (London -51˚ North) are unlikely to get the high-intensity of sunlight used for the experiment and will probably get the mid-intensity levels at noon, at the height of summer, in the south of England 30,31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in COVID-19 downwind following a wind change

Hailwood

Graham

Ramalingam

2022

Preprint

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Aerosolized SARS COV-2 is viable for at least 3–5 hours. Aerosols can rapidly become droplet nuclei and be carried long distances by wind before they settle. We hence investigated the possibility of identifying wind-assisted transmission of COVID-19. COVID-19 cases/100,000 population was calculated for hotspots and surrounding areas. Daily wind direction/speed data for hotspots was collated. Seven-day rolling averages of COVID-19 cases/100,000 population was plotted against wind direction/speed to compare case rate trends in hotspots, upwind and downwind areas. Within 14 days of the wind blowing into an area, case rate trends downwind differed from that of the hotspot. The difference compared to the hotspot could be an increase, plateau, or a slower decrease. This suggests that viral particles carried by the wind can lead to an increase in infections downwind. Research on ways to reduce aerosol transmission in the community is urgently needed.

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“…The dose of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface is dependent on latitude, time of day, season, altitude, cloud cover, pollution, and thickness of the ozone layer (14). Daily solar radiation can exceed doses of 5,000 J/m 2 in summer at mid-latitude locations such as Spain, Germany, Austria, and New Zealand (15)(16)(17)(18). In such locations, it is feasible that cattle kept at pasture without access to shelter could be exposed to sufficient UV radiation to reach and exceed their MED-H, leading to sunburn.…”

Section: Figure 5 | Linear Regression Model Presenting the Association Between Hair Length And Minimal Erythema Dose On Intact-hair-covermentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimal Erythema Dose Determination in Holstein Friesian Cattle

et al. 2021

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Cattle on pasture are continuously exposed to solar UV radiation, which has been associated with biological effects such as sunburn, photosensitization, squamous cell carcinoma, and cutaneous vitamin D3 production. The minimal erythema dose (MED) required to produce first-degree sunburn (erythema) is poorly researched in cattle. Since cattle are naturally covered with dense hair coats, the MED is influenced by the UV protection offered by the hair. The objective of this study was to determine the MED on intact-hair-covered (MED-H) and shaved white skin (MED-S) of Holstein Friesian cattle. Twenty-one Holstein Friesian cows and heifers were MED tested using a narrowband UV-B LED light (peak irradiance at 292 nm) on eight hair-covered and eight shaved areas over white skin previously unexposed to direct sunlight. Erythema was visually assessed after 24 h. The mean MED-H and MED-S were 5,595 and 329 J/m2, respectively. Heifers had a higher MED-H compared to cows, 7,600 and 4,969 J/m2, respectively. The mean UV transmittance of white cattle hair was 6.7%. MED-H was correlated with hair length (Spearman's rho = 0.76). A linear regression model showed that each millimeter of hair coat length increased the MED-H by 316 J/m2. In conclusion, this study provides a MED testing protocol for cattle and reports standardized values of MED for cattle on intact-hair-covered and shaved areas.

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Erythemal Solar Irradiance, UVER, and UV Index from Ground-Based Data in Central Spain

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Monitoring Solar Radiation UV Exposure in the Comoros

Monitoring Solar Radiation UV Exposure in the Comoros

Increase in COVID-19 downwind following a wind change

Minimal Erythema Dose Determination in Holstein Friesian Cattle

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