Erythema Multiforme: A Review of Its Characteristics, Diagnostic Criteria, and Management

Spastic Form of Cerebral Palsy, Epilepsy With Benign Epileptiform Discharge of Childhood on Electroencephalogram, and Iatrogenic Stevens–johnson Syndrome (Case Description)

“…Известно, что подобная острая токсико-аллергическая реакция возникает в ответ на введение терапевтической дозы препарата. Чаще всего развитие синдрома вызыва-ют: антибиотики (особенно пенициллинового ря-да) -до 55 %, нестероидные противовоспалитель-ные препараты -до 25 %, сульфаниламиды -до 10 %, витамины и другие средства, влияющие на метабо-лизм, -до 8 %, местные анестетики -до 6 %, дру-гие группы препаратов, в том числе и антиэпилеп-тические, составляют до 18 % [2,[8][9][10]. Подобная атопическая реакция имела место у рассматривае-мого больного в ответ на ламотриджин.…”

Erythema Multiforme Minor: A Revision

“…Although some rare cases of EM minor can be idiopatics [1] , several etiological factors can be associated with its development. Some medicines or topics contactants [22] , foods allergy, HBV [9] , HSV and EBV infections [2,20] , coxsackie infections [26] , mumps [6] , streptococcal and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Eaton agent) infections [27] , coccidioidomycosis [9] , candida, hystoplasma, yersinia [23] , radiation (mainly the UV) [22] , dermatomiositis, leprae [28] , diseases as lupus erithematosus, Bowel disease, Wegener's granulomatosis [9] , renal carcinoma [22] , physical agents (Koebner phenomenon) [4,9] and acute alcoholism are mentioned as etiological factors [23] . A recent report also has suggested that rare cases of EM may be induced by cytomegalovirus infection [29] .…”

“…Microscopic examination of skin lesions reveals edema just below the epidermis that when mild or moderate, produces urticarial lesions; when the edema is severe, blisters are formed. Other histological features consist of dilation of blood vessels, accompanied by a perivascular infiltration composed mainly of lymphocytes, nuclear dust resulting from disintegration of neutrophils and eosinophils (leukocytoclasis), edema, acanthosis and erythrocytes extravasations [4] . The characteristic histopathological change of EM minor is epidermal cell death, which is termed "satellite cell necrosis", mimicking apoptotic cell death.…”

“…The EM minor is a distinctive hypersensitivity disease generally characterized by skin lesions, the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, nose, eyes and genitalia may also be affected [2,3] and eventually it can also happen involvement of both [4] . It's an acute or chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disorder, selflimited and recurrent, which appears mostly as symmetrical papules that developing plaques with vesicular eruption and erosion, later developing into "target" or "iris" lesions with an erythematous periphery and a central zone of necrosis.…”

“…Most of the researches links SJS as a synonym of the EM major [1,4] . In agreement with the current literature in the EM minor the skin or mucous surfaces, or both simultaneously, can be affected.…”