Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans in an 8-Year-Old Indian Child

Leung, Alexander K C; Lam, Joseph M.

doi:10.1155/2018/2143089

Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine

2018

DOI: 10.1155/2018/2143089

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Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans in an 8-Year-Old Indian Child

Alexander K C Leung

Joseph M. Lam

Abstract: We report an 8-year-old East Indian boy with erythema dyschromicum perstans. The condition has very rarely been reported in prepubertal Indian children. A perusal of the literature revealed but two cases, to which we add another one. Recognition of erythema dyschromicum perstans in prepubertal Indian children is important for proper diagnosis and to prevent unnecessary investigations.

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Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

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Nummular Eczema: An Updated Review

Leung

Lam

Leung

et al. 2021

IAD

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Background: Nummular eczema may mimic diseases that present with annular configuration and the differential diagnosis is broad. Objective: This article aimed to provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of nummular eczema. Methods: A PubMed search was performed in Clinical Queries using the key terms “nummular eczema”, “discoid eczema”, OR “nummular dermatitis”. The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to the English literature. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. Patents were searched using the key terms “nummular eczema”, “discoid eczema”, OR “nummular dermatitis” in www.google.com/patents and www.freepatentsonline.com. Results: Nummular eczema is characterized by sharply defined, oval or coin-shaped, erythematous, eczematous plaques. Typically, the size of the lesion varies from 1 to 10 cm in diameter. The lesions are usually multiple and symmetrically distributed. Sites of predilection include the lower limbs followed by the upper limbs. The lesions are usually intensely pruritic. The diagnosis is mainly clinical based on the characteristic round to oval erythematous plaques in a patient with diffusely dry skin. Nummular eczema should be distinguished from other annular lesions. Dermoscopy can reveal additional features that can be valuable for correct diagnosis. Biopsy or laboratory tests are generally not necessary. However, a potassium hydroxide wet-mount examination of skin scrapings should be performed if tinea corporis is suspected. Because contact allergy is common with nummular eczema, patch testing should be considered in patients with chronic, recalcitrant nummular eczema. Avoidance of precipitating factors, optimal skin care, and high or ultra-high potency topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy. Recent patents related to the management of nummular eczema are also discussed. Conclusion: With proper treatment, nummular eczema can be cleared over a few weeks, although the course can be chronic and characterized by relapses and remissions. Moisturizing of the skin and avoidance of identifiable exacerbating factors such as hot water baths and harsh soaps may reduce the frequency of recurrence. Diseases that present with annular lesions may mimic nummular eczema and the differential diagnosis is broad. As such, physicians must be familiar with this condition so that an accurate diagnosis can be made, and appropriate treatment initiated.

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Nummular Eczema: An Updated Review

Leung

Lam

Leung

et al. 2021

IAD

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Tinea corporis: an updated review

Leung¹,

Lam²,

Leong³

et al. 2020

DIC

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Background Tinea corporis is a common fungal infection that mimics many other annular lesions. Physicians must familiarize themselves with this condition and its treatment. Objective This article aimed to provide a narrative updated review on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of tinea corporis. Methods A PubMed search was performed with Clinical Queries using the key term ‘tinea corporis.’ The search strategy included clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to the English language. The information retrieved from the mentioned search was used in the compilation of the present article. Results Tinea corporis typically presents as a well-demarcated, sharply circumscribed, oval or circular, mildly erythematous, scaly patch or plaque with a raised leading edge. Mild pruritus is common. The diagnosis is often clinical but can be difficult with prior use of medications, such as calcineurin inhibitors or corticosteroids. Dermoscopy is a useful and non-invasive diagnostic tool. If necessary, the diagnosis can be confirmed by microscopic examination of potassium hydroxide wet-mount preparations of skin scrapings from the active border of the lesion. Fungal culture is the gold standard to diagnose dermatophytosis especially if the diagnosis is in doubt and results of other tests are inconclusive or the infection is widespread, severe, or resistant to treatment. The standard treatment of tinea corporis is with topical antifungals. Systemic antifungal treatment is indicated if the lesion is multiple, extensive, deep, recurrent, chronic, or unresponsive to topical antifungal treatment, or if the patient is immunodeficient. Conclusion The diagnosis of tinea corporis is usually clinical and should pose no problem to the physician provided the lesion is typical. However, many clinical variants of tinea corporis exist, rendering the diagnosis difficult especially with prior use of medications, such as calcineurin inhibitors or corticosteroids. As such, physicians must be familiar with this condition so that an accurate diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment initiated.

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Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans in an 8-Year-Old Indian Child

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

Nummular Eczema: An Updated Review

Nummular Eczema: An Updated Review

Tinea corporis: an updated review

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