Erysipelas: Clinical and Bacteriologic Spectrum and Serological Aspects

Eriksson, B.; Jorup-Rönström, Christina; Karkkonen, K.; Sjöblom, A. C.; Holm, Stig E.

doi:10.1093/clinids/23.5.1091

Cited by 174 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Erysipelas represents one of the primary clinical manifestations in patients with skin lesions and superficial wound infections and can probably be seen as a consequence of the increasing age and number of patients with underlying diseases with potentially impaired peripheral blood supply (diabetes mellitus or chronic heart and lung diseases) (9). A previous study found that only 10% of all erysipelas cases caused by GAS yielded a positive blood culture (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reemergence of emm 1 and a Changed Superantigen Profile for Group A Streptococci Causing Invasive Infections: Results from a Nationwide Study

Ekelund¹,

Skinhøj

Madsen

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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Between 1999 and 2002, 496 invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates from clinical microbiological departments in Denmark and subsequently 487 (98%) questionnaires from the clinicians treating the patients were received as part of a national surveillance. emm types and streptococcal superantigen (SAg) genes were determined. The incidence of invasive GAS infections was on average 2.3 per 100,000 per year. Bacteremia with no focal symptoms (27%) was together with erysipelas (20%) the most prevalent clinical diagnoses. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome occurred in 10% of patients, of which 56% died. The overall case fatality rate within 30 days was 23%. In total, 47 different emm types were identified, of which emm1, emm3, emm4, emm12, emm28, and emm89 were identified in 72% of the 493 available isolates. During the 4-year period the presence of emm1 increased from 16% in 1999 to 40% in 2002. Concurrently, the presence of emm3 decreased from 23% in 1999 to 2% in 2002. The emm1 isolates predominantly carried speA, although the frequency decreased from 94% in 1999 to 71% in 2002, whereas the emm1-specific prevalence of speC increased from 25 to 53%. In a historical perspective, this could be interpreted as a reemergence of emm1 and could indicate a possible introduction of a new emm1 subclone. However, this reemergence did not result in any significant changes in the clinical manifestations during the study period. Our results show the complexity of invasive GAS infections, with time-dependent variations in the incidence and distribution of emm and SAg genes, which emphasizes the need for continuous epidemiological and molecular investigations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reemergence of emm 1 and a Changed Superantigen Profile for Group A Streptococci Causing Invasive Infections: Results from a Nationwide Study

Ekelund¹,

Skinhøj

Madsen

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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“…This possibility is corroborated by the finding of S. pyogenes in the renal tissue of two patients. This possibility might also be supported by the increased levels of AST and anti-DN:ase B in two patients suggesting a recent infection with GAS or possibly GCS [18][19][20]. S. constellatus is not, to our knowledge, known to produce streptolysin O or DN:ase B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acute Glomerulonephritis Associated with Streptococcus Pyogenes with Concomitant Spread of Streptococcus Constellatus in Four Rural Families

Almroth¹,

Lindell²,

Åselius³

et al. 2005

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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We studied history, renal histopathology and microbiology of an epidemic of acute glomerulonephritis associated with throat infections and uncommon culture results in four neighbour families.A 40-year-old man (index patient) was referred to a university hospital for dialysis and kidney biopsy due to a suspected acute glomerulonephritis. An acute tonsillitis had preceded the condition. Penicillin treatment had been started four days before the discovery of renal failure. Throat swabs were positive for -hemolytic streptococci, group C (GCS). GCS were also found in throat cultures from his wife and two of their children. The bacteria were typed as Streptococcus constellatus. A third child had S. constellatus expressing Lancefield antigen group G. A neighbour and two of his children fell ill the following week with renal involvement. Throat swabs from both these children were positive for S. constellatus. His third child had erythema multiforme and S. constellatus in the throat while a fourth child hadhemolytic streptococci group A; Streptococcus pyogenes. Kidney biopsies on the index patient and his neighbour showed an acute diffuse prolipherative glomerulonephritis compatible with acute post-streptococcal nephritis and microbiological analysis of renal tissue revealed in both cases S. pyogenes and S. constellatus. The

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“…126 The most common causes of uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections are group A bhemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. [197][198][199][200][201][202] Data from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program monitoring skin and soft tissue infections indicated that S aureus was the most common pathogen among complicated and hospitalized patients, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Streptococcus.…”

Section: Identification Of Infection and Adverse Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Acute Skin Trauma

Beam

Buckley

Holcomb

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Objective: To present recommendations for the cleansing, debridement, dressing, and monitoring of acute skin trauma in patients.Background: Acute skin trauma is common during participation in athletic and recreational activities. Clinical decisions and intervention protocols after injury vary among athletic trainers and are often based on ritualistic practices. An understanding of cleansing, debridement, and dressing techniques; clinical features of infection and adverse reactions; and monitoring of acute skin trauma is critical for certified athletic trainers and other allied health and medical professionals to create a local wound environment that promotes healing and lessens the risk of complications.Recommendations: These guidelines are intended to provide the certified athletic trainer and others participating in athletic health care with specific knowledge about and recommendations for the management of acute skin trauma.Key Words: abrasions, avulsions, blisters, incisions, lacerations, punctures, cleansing, debridement, nonocclusive dressings, occlusive dressings, infection, adverse reactions T raumatic injury to the skin is common among athletes participating in all sports.1 The exact frequencies of abrasions, avulsions, blisters, incisions, lacerations, and punctures are difficult to calculate because many patients do not seek medical attention after injury; for others, their activity level is initially unaffected, and the injury is not recorded on surveillance reports. Unreported skin trauma and inappropriate wound management can result in delayed healing, cross-contamination, bacterial colonization, and infection, adversely affecting the overall health and playing status of the patient. Managing acute skin trauma through appropriate cleansing, debridement, and dressing techniques can create an environment conducive to healing and lessen the risk of complications. 2,3Wound-management techniques have undergone drastic changes over the last 50 years, and other allied health care professions, organizations, and facilities have developed guidelines that serve as standards of care. [4][5][6] However, guidelines for the management of acute skin trauma by athletic trainers (ATs) are limited in the literature.1,7 The development and implementation of cleansing, debridement, and dressing techniques for acute skin trauma are critical for ATs to successfully deliver health care services to patients. The following review and recommendations provide information on the management of acute skin trauma and guidelines for ATs and other allied health and medical professionals who care for patients. RECOMMENDATIONSThis position statement is based on current research and literature with regard to the cleansing, debridement, dressing, and monitoring of acute skin trauma. We independently categorized the studies and literature using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) developed by the American Academy of Family Physicians. 8 The taxonomy grades the quality of the data from the literature (level of evidence) and p...

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Erysipelas: Clinical and Bacteriologic Spectrum and Serological Aspects

Cited by 174 publications

References 43 publications

Reemergence of emm 1 and a Changed Superantigen Profile for Group A Streptococci Causing Invasive Infections: Results from a Nationwide Study

Reemergence of emm 1 and a Changed Superantigen Profile for Group A Streptococci Causing Invasive Infections: Results from a Nationwide Study

Acute Glomerulonephritis Associated with Streptococcus Pyogenes with Concomitant Spread of Streptococcus Constellatus in Four Rural Families

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Acute Skin Trauma

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