Eruption of Soufriere Hills Volcano in Montserrat continues

Abstract

On July 18,1995, the Soufriere Hills volcano in Montserrat erupted for the first time in recorded history. The eruption began with intense fumarolic venting and phreatic explosions following 3 years of elevated seismicity. An andesite lava dome emerged on November 15, 1995, and continued to grow, with several periods of copious pyroclastic flow generation and an explosive eruption on September 17, 1996. The largest pyroclastic flows to date (on June 25, 1997) and a period of vulcanian explosions with fountain collapse (during early August 1997) indicate continued escalation of the eruption.

Rapid dome growth at Montagne Pel�e during the early stages of the 1902?1905 eruption: a reconstruction from Lacroix?s data

“…Conversely, the ongoing eruption at Montserrat provided a case where dome growth is low at the beginning and increases with time though remaining at relatively low levels ( 6 m 3 s -1 ), and no violent ex- Fig. 5 Various types of lava dome growth, completed after Nakada et al 1999 plosion occurred within 10 months of the dome appearance (Young et al 1997;Druitt and Kokelaar 2002). Similarly, the waning phase of the Mt.…”

Volcanology of the 2350 B.P. Eruption of Mount Meager Volcanic Complex, British Columbia, Canada: implications for Hazards from Eruptions in Topographically Complex Terrain

“…On the basis of these differences, we suggest that unit bx 2 consists of up to four cooling units and hence was emplaced episodically, presumably from a number of closely spaced flow front collapses (avalanches) or explosions (e.g., Nakada 1993;Young et al 1997). Two implications of the layering are that the lava extruded from the vent was highly unstable and that eruption styles may have varied rapidly (e.g., explosive vs. extrusive).…”

Reconstruction of a phreatic eruption on 27 September 2014 at Ontake volcano, central Japan, based on proximal pyroclastic density current and fallout deposits

“…The eruptions are often called 'phreatic' eruptions, implying that heated groundwater is a major driving force in the expulsion of the country rock, or a 'hydrothermal' eruption, if fluid from a hydrothermal system is involved (e.g., Hedenquist and Henley 1985;Mastin 1995). Heating by ascending fresh magma can also trigger eruptions of non-juvenile material as seen in precursor events of magmatic eruptions (e.g., Barberi et al 1992;Young et al 1998;Suzuki et al 2013). Phreatic eruptions tend to be of smaller scale in terms of the volume of the products, and the temperature of the ejected material (a few 100 °C) is generally much lower than that of magmatic eruptions (Feuillard et al 1983;Hedenquist and Henley 1985;Barberi et al 1992;Browne and Lawless 2001).…”