Erucic acid concentration of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oils on the German food retail market

Abstract

Rapeseed oil is one of the most important vegetable oils in Germany. It has a favorable fatty acid composition but also contains a certain amount of erucic acid (EA). As the result of toxicological considerations regarding this fatty acid, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for EA of 7 mg/kg body weight in 2016. On this basis, the maximum EA levels for vegetable oils allowed in the European Union have been reduced shortly from 50 to 20 g/kg, and for infant formula and follow‐on formula from 10 to 4 g/kg. However, rapeseed oil is also recommended for the preparation of homemade food for infants and children. Little is known about the actual EA concentrations of rapeseed oils on the German retail market. Current data are especially important for the necessary reassessment of its recommendation in infant and child nutrition based on the established TDI. Three hundred representative rapeseed oil samples were purchased in retail stores across Germany. EA concentrations, determined by GC‐FID, were in a range of 0.17–9.68 g/kg, with 241 samples being even below 4 g/kg. All oils were below the maximum level valid at the time of this investigation, and even below the newly established lower maximum level of 20 g/kg. The major part also met the requirements for infant and follow‐on formula. The representative results provide valuable current data for the necessary reassessment of the dietary recommendations for infant and child nutrition based on the established TDI.

Reduced glucosinolate content in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by random mutagenesis of BnMYB28 and BnCYP79F1 genes

“…Features of BnMYB28 and BnCYP79F1 paralogs with homology to the Arabidopsis genes AtMYB28 (AT5G61420) and AtCYP79F1 (AT1G16410) in oilseed rape. 1 A. thaliana gene sequences were retrieved from The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR). a Sequence analysis of orthologs and paralogs in oilseed rape are based on gene models described in the Darmor-bzh reference genome (Genoscope).…”

A Review of Erucic Acid Production in Brassicaceae Oilseeds: Progress and Prospects for the Genetic Engineering of High and Low-Erucic Acid Rapeseeds (Brassica napus)

“…LEAR oil contains a large amount of unsaturated FAs (90%), which are beneficial to human health, as well as other nutrients such as natural vitamin E. It is also stable at high temperatures, and the absorption rate of LEAR oil by the human body is up to 99%. LEAR oil is also recommended in infant formula and homemade foods for children in moderate amounts ( Stimming et al, 2015 ; Russo et al, 2021 ).…”

“…In 2019, the European Commission (EU) issued regulation 2019/1870, which stipulates that the maximum content of EA in vegetable oils and fats provided to the final consumer should be no higher than 2% along with a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 7.5 mg/kg body weight EA. Furthermore, the content of EA in camelina oil, mustard oil, and borage oil should contain no more than 5% EA, and mustard oil should contain no more than 3.5% EA ( Russo et al, 2021 ).…”

Reduced glucosinolate content in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by random mutagenesis of BnMYB28 and BnCYP79F1 genes

“…Mutation position on gDNA [1] Allele code cDNA change [1] AA change Mutation type M3 seed code [2] M3 single mutants…”

“…In Europe, it is grown as a winter crop, sown in autumn and flowering in the following spring after exposure to cold temperatures over winter. The seeds contain 45-50% oil with a healthy lipid profile, suitable for human consumption [1] . Moreover, it is utilized for biodiesel production.…”