Erucic acid ameliorates the lipopolysaccharide‐induced memory deficit in rats through inhibited inflammation cytokines expression/caspase 3/NF‐κB pathways

Abstract

Erucic acid is a single unsaturated fatty acid that falls under the omega‐9 fatty acid family. It was suggested to treat Wistar rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced memory impairment and minimize cognitive impairment. A total of 30 animals were randomized: group I was normally treated group, group II was administered with LPS, group III was treated with LPS along with erucic acid at the dose of 10 mg kg–1 p.o.–1, group IV was treated with LPS along with erucic acid at 20 mg kg–1 p.o.–1 and group V was the erucic acid per se group provided at the dose of 20 mg kg–1 p.o.–1 per se. Behavioral tests were evaluated by using the Morris water maze and Y‐maze. Biochemical analysis including acetylcholine esterase (AChE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), glutathione (GSH), catalase activity (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) along with proinflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), caspase 3, and neuroinflammatory biomarker (nuclear factor kappa B‐NF‐κB) were measured. Erucic acid produced substantial behavioral improvement in the Y‐maze test, including spontaneous alterations and reduced latency time during acquisition, and a longer duration of time in the consolidation phase undergoing the MWM test. Furthermore, erucic acid improved the AChE, proinflammatory markers, and oxidative stress as well as restoring endogenous antioxidant levels, ChAT, caspase 3, and NF‐κB levels. Erucic acid may be a therapeutic component for conditions related to memory disorders such as memory impairment, enhances memory functioning, and protects against neuronal damage.

Erucic acid treatment in lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety and depression using ADMET properties / behaviour paradigms / interleukins pathways in rats

“…The results of this study revealed that neurological disorders had alterations in IL-6 and IL-10 levels, which were reversed by both doses of erucic acid (Tiftik et al, 2021). Additionally, the modulation of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) observed in our study aligns with the anti-inflammatory effects of erucic acid reported in previous research (Sayyed et al, 2023).…”

“…They show the ability to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and reduce inflammation, which contributes to the improvement of anxiety and depression symptoms (Bhat & Ara, 2015). Omega-3 fatty acids have antioxidant properties that help in reducing oxidative stress that may positively impact anxiety and depression symptoms (Su et al, 2015;Sayyed et al, 2023). As a result of the administration of erucic acid at both doses, the duration of immobility was reduced in the tail suspension test and forced swim test, indicating an antidepressant effect.…”

“…Group IV: LPS + erucic acid treated at 20 mg/kg/p.o. (Liang et al, 2020, Sayyed et al, 2023; Group V: erucic acid per se at 20 mg/kg/p.o. Erucic acid was orally given at doses of 10 and 20mg/kg/day in the morning time post-LPS administration.…”

“…Erucic acid is a naturally produced non-branched fatty acid with 22 carbons and a double bond on carbon-13. This mono-unsaturated fatty acid is a part of n-9 ("omega-9") fatty acids (Vetter et al, 2020;Sayyed et al, 2023). Erucic acid is obtained from oilseed rape or rapeseed (Warner & Lewis, 2019).…”