Erta'ale lava lake: heat and gas transfer to the atmosphere

Guern, F. Le; Carbonnelle, J.; Tazieff, Haroun

doi:10.1016/0377-0273(79)90045-3

Cited by 70 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The lake height is positively correlated with the north pit thermal anomaly, consistent with the north pit and south pit being linked at depth, with lava flowing into the north pit as the lava head of the system rises, as noted by Le Guern et al (1979) for the overflows of the early 1970s.…”

Section: Synthesis and Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The lake levels rose over this period such that the rim of the south pit was built up by c. 8 m, the floor of the caldera was raised c. 4 m and the northern rim of the caldera was breached by lava flows that descended the flanks (Varet 1971;Barberi et al 1973;Tazieff 1973;Le Guern et al 1979). Le Guern et al (1979) used thermometry to estimate the power output from the lava lake to be about 230 MW.…”

Section: Review Of Prior Observations Of Erta 'Alementioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the lava lake of Erta ‘Ale volcano respond to regional magmatic and tectonic events? An investigation using Earth Observation data

Barnie

Oppenheimer

Pagli

2016

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Erta 'Ale volcano lies at the centre of the Erta 'Ale rift segment in northern Afar, Ethiopia and hosts one of the few persistent lava lakes found on Earth in its summit caldera. Previous studies have reported anecdotal evidence of a correlation between lake activity and magmatic and tectonic events in the broader region. We investigated this hypothesis for the period 2000-15 by comparing a catalogue of regional events with changes in lake activity reconstructed from Earth Observation data. The lava lake underwent dramatic changes during the study period, exhibiting an overall rise in height with concomitant changes in geometry consistent with a change in heat energy balance. Numerous paroxysms occurred in the lake and in the north pit; a significant dyke intrusion with subsequent re-intrusions indicated a role for dykes in maintaining the lake. However, despite some coincidences between the paroxysms and regional events, we did not find any statistically significant relationship between the two on a timescale of days to weeks. Nevertheless, changes in lake activity have preceded the broad increase in regional activity since 2005 and we cannot rule out a relationship on a decadal scale.Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license.

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Section: Synthesis and Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Review Of Prior Observations Of Erta 'Alementioning

confidence: 99%

Does the lava lake of Erta ‘Ale volcano respond to regional magmatic and tectonic events? An investigation using Earth Observation data

Barnie

Oppenheimer

Pagli

2016

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“…An alternative scenario could be the situation which prevailed at Erta 'Ale in 1971, when small areas of glowing lava at 1100 ø C were enclosed by a thin crust radiating at 570øC [Le Guern et al, 1979]. In this case, both the glowing lava and the background would be hot enough to radiate.…”

Section: Augustine Volcano Alaskamentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcano monitoring using short wavelength infrared data from satellites

Rothery¹,

Francis²,

Wood³

1988

J. Geophys. Res.

280

183

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Data from remote sensing satellites operating in the short-wavelength infrared can be used to measure temperatures of about 150øC and above. The gain settings of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) sensors are such that to record pixel-integrated temperatures from 150øC to over 1000øC requires the use of several spectral bands. If the radiant source occupies less than a whole pixel, as is the case for fumaroles or a crusted lava surface with incandescent cracks, then the pixel-integrated temperature is less than the actual surface temperature of the hot areas and appears to be different at each wavelength. By determining pixel-integrated temperature in two spectral bands we can estimate both the temperature and size of hot areas which occupy less than a complete pixel. In some cases our observations provide the only available data on the state of activity of a particular volcano; in others they support and refine field observations. Our Landsat TM data reveal otherwise unobserved precursor and subsequent activity related to the September 1986 eruption of Lascar volcano (Chile) and supplement other data on the March 1986 eruption of Augustine volcano (Alaska). They also indicate the continued presence of lava lakes at Erta 'Ale (Ethiopia) in the absence of any ground-based observations and document minor eruptive activity at Mount Erebus (Antarctica). Landsat Multispectral Scanner data have been used to measure the variation in temperature along a lava flow on Sierra Negra (Galapagos Islands) which occurred in 1979.

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“…It was reactivated in September 2005, with lava visibly overturning at the edges of the lava lake, within the pit, possibly in response to the volcanoseismic crisis in Afar (Ayele et al 2007). The level of the southern lake has fluctuated (Le Guern et al 1979), but the majority of recent observations indicate the lake level was generally tens of metres below the floor of the main crater, nestled at the base of the southern pit (e.g. Oppenheimer and Francis 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated field, satellite and petrological observations of the November 2010 eruption of Erta Ale

et al. 2012

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Erta Ale volcano, Ethiopia, erupted in November 2010, emplacing new lava flows on the main crater floor, the first such eruption from the southern pit into the main crater since 1973, and the first eruption at this remote volcano in the modern satellite age. For many decades, Erta Ale has contained a persistently active lava lake which is ordinarily confined, several tens of metres below the level of the main crater, within the southern pit. We combine on-the-ground field observations with multispectral imaging from the SEV-IRI satellite to reconstruct the entire eruptive episode beginning on 11 November and ending prior to 14 December 2010. A period of quiescence occurred between 14 and 19 November. The main eruptive activity developed between 19 and 22 November, finally subsiding to pre-eruptive levels between 8 and 15 December. The estimated total volume of lava erupted is ∼0.006 km 3 . The mineralogy of the 2010 lava is plagioclase+clinopyroxene+olivine. Geochemically, the lava is slightly more mafic than previously erupted lava lining the caldera floor, but lies within the range of historical lavas from Erta Ale. SIMS analysis of olivine-hosted melt inclusions shows the Erta Ale lavas to be relatively volatile-poor, with H 2 O contents ≤1,300 ppm and CO 2 contents of ≤200 ppm. Incompatible trace and volatile element systematics of melt inclusions show, however, that the November 2010 lavas were volatile-saturated, and that degassing and crystallisation occurred concomitantly. Volatile saturation pressures are in the range 7-42 MPa, indicating shallow crystallisation. Calculated pre-eruption and melt inclusion entrapment temperatures from mineral/liquid thermometers are ∼1,150°C, consistent with previously published field measurements.

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Erta'ale lava lake: heat and gas transfer to the atmosphere

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Does the lava lake of Erta ‘Ale volcano respond to regional magmatic and tectonic events? An investigation using Earth Observation data

Does the lava lake of Erta ‘Ale volcano respond to regional magmatic and tectonic events? An investigation using Earth Observation data

Volcano monitoring using short wavelength infrared data from satellites

Integrated field, satellite and petrological observations of the November 2010 eruption of Erta Ale

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