In this review, early career and senior members of assembly 5 (airway diseases) aimed to present key recent findings pertinent to airway diseases presented during European Respiratory Society (ERS) congress 2023 in Milan, with a particular focus on asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic cough, and bronchiectasis. During this year's Congress, an increased number of symposia, workshops, and abstract presentations were organized. Seven hundred and thirty-nine abstracts were submitted for Assembly 5 and the majority of these, were presented by early career members. These data highlight the increased interest in this group of respiratory diseases.