Error-Monitoring and Post-Error Compensations: Dissociation between Perceptual Failures and Motor Errors with and without Awareness

Navarro-Cebrian, Ana; Knight, Robert T.; Kayser, Andrew S.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0447-13.2013

Cited by 57 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Hewig et al, 2011;Navarro-Cebrian & Kayser, 2013;Roger, Benar, Vidal, Hasbroucq, & Burle, 2010;Scheffers & Coles, 2000;Shalgi & Deouell, 2012;Wessel, Danielmeier, Morton, & Ullsperger, 2012), it contradicts the traditional view that ERN is related to implicit but not to explicit error awareness (e.g. Ehlis, Herrmann, Bernhard, & Fallgatter, 2005;Endrass et al, 2005Endrass et al, , 2007Hester, Foxe, Molholm, Shpaner, & Garavana, 2005;Hughes & Yeung, 2011;Nieuwenhuis et al, 2001;O'Connell et al, 2007;Overbeek et al, 2005;Steinhauser & Yeung, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Frontal theta band oscillations predict error correction and posterror slowing in typing.

Kalfaoğlu

Stafford

Milne

2018

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Performance errors are associated with robust behavioural and EEG effects. However, there is a debate about the nature of the relationship between these effects and implicit vs. explicit error awareness. Our aim was to study the relationship between error related electrophysiological effects, such as spectral perturbations in fronto-medial theta band oscillations (FMT), and error awareness in typing. Typing has an advantage as an experimental paradigm in that detected errors are quickly and habitually signalled by the participant using backspace, allowing separation of detected from undetected errors without interruption in behaviour. Typing is thought to be controlled hierarchically via inner and outer loops, which rely on different sources for error detection. Touch-typist participants were asked to copy-type 100 sentences as EEG was recorded in the absence of visual feedback. Continuous EEG data were analysed using independent component analysis (ICA). Time-frequency and ERP analyses were applied to emergent independent components. The results show that single-trial FMT parameters and Error Related Negativity (ERN) amplitude predict overt, adaptive post-error actions such as error correction via backspace; and, post-error slowing after errors, reflecting implicit error awareness. In addition, we found that those uncorrected errors which were slowed down the most were also the ones associated with a high level of FMT activity. Our results as a whole show that FMT are related to neural mechanism involved in explicit awareness of errors, and input from inner loop is sufficient for error correction in typing. Public SignificanceWe investigated the patterns of brain activity which precede errors and error-correction during skilled typing. This is interesting because it tests how theories of action and error-monitoring apply in a domain where actions are made extremely rapidly (up to ten keys per second). Electroencephalography (EEG) allows us to identify signature changes which have previously been associated with error-related processes in the brain. We showed that two of these signature patterns, the "error related negativity" (ERN) and "fronto-medial theta band oscillations" (FMT), both predict whether a typist is likely to notice and correct an error they make, as well as predicting how much typing slows down after an uncorrected error. The results support the idea -which has been contested -that the ERN reflects our explicit recognition that we have made a mistake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Frontal theta band oscillations predict error correction and posterror slowing in typing.

Kalfaoğlu

Stafford

Milne

2018

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…Although both the ERN and the Pe are modulated by error awareness, the Pe awareness effect has been suggested to reflect a more binary decision (i.e., error or correct) regarding the error whereas the magnitude of the ERN is more sensitive to the subjective level of confidence that an error was committed (Navarro-Cebrian, Knight, & Kayser, 2013; Shalgi & Deouell, 2012). Dipole source localization indicated that the Pe had generators in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC; see also O’Connell et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Orbitofrontal Lesions on Electrophysiological Signals in a Stop Signal Task

Solbakk

Funderud

Løvstad

et al. 2014

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Behavioral inhibition and performance monitoring are critical cognitive functions supported by distributed neural networks including the pFC. We examined neurophysiological correlates of motor response inhibition and action monitoring in patients with focal orbitofrontal (OFC) lesions (n = 12) after resection of a primary intracranial tumor or contusion because of traumatic brain injury. Healthy participants served as controls (n = 14). Participants performed a visual stop signal task. We analyzed behavioral performance as well as event-related brain potentials and oscillations. Inhibition difficulty was adjusted individually to yield an equal amount of successful inhibitions across participants. RTs of patients and controls did not differ significantly in go trials or in failed stop trials, and no differences were observed in estimated stop signal RT. However, electrophysiological response patterns during task performance distinguished the groups. Patients with OFC lesions had enhanced P3 amplitudes to congruent condition go signals and to stop signals. In stop trials, patients had attenuated N2 and error-related negativity, but enhanced error positivity. Patients also showed enhanced and prolonged post-error beta band increases for stop errors. This effect was particularly evident in patients whose lesion extended to the subgenual cingulate cortex. In summary, although response inhibition was not impaired, the diminished stop N2 and ERN support a critical role of the OFC in action monitoring. Moreover, the increased stop P3, error positivity, and post-error beta response indicate that OFC injury affected action outcome evaluation and support the notion that the OFC is relevant for the processing of abstract reinforcers such as performing correctly in the task.

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“…An important question is whether awareness is necessary to elicit post-error behavioral adjustments (Navarro-Cebrian, Knight, and Kayser, 2013). The literature on this issue comprises several contributions, especially from the field of the neurosciences (Wessel, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Posterror speeding after threat-detection failure.

Caudek¹,

Ceccarini²,

Sica³

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Cognitive control enables individuals to rapidly adapt to changing task demands.To investigate error-driven adjustments in cognitive control, we considered performance changes in post-error trials, when participants performed a visual search task requiring to detect angry, happy, or neutral facial expressions in crowds of faces. We hypothesized that the failure to detect a potential threat (angry face) would prompt a different post-error adjustment than the failure to detect a nonthreatening target (happy or neutral face). Indeed, in three sets of experiments we found evidence of post-error speeding, in the first case, and of post-error slowing, in the second. Previous results indicate that a threatening stimulus can improve the efficiency of visual search. The results of the present study show that a similar effect can also be observed when participants fail to detect a threat.The impact of threat-detection failure on cognitive control, as revealed by the present study, suggests that post-error adjustments should be understood as the product of domain-specific mechanisms that are strongly influenced by affective information, rather than as the effect of a general-purpose error-monitoring system. 1

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Error-Monitoring and Post-Error Compensations: Dissociation between Perceptual Failures and Motor Errors with and without Awareness

Cited by 57 publications

References 57 publications

Frontal theta band oscillations predict error correction and posterror slowing in typing.

Frontal theta band oscillations predict error correction and posterror slowing in typing.

Impact of Orbitofrontal Lesions on Electrophysiological Signals in a Stop Signal Task

Posterror speeding after threat-detection failure.

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