Error Correction Using Hybrid Coding Algorithm for BER Reduction in MIMO-OFDM

Abstract

The integration of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) -orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has massively received attention due to its reliability, spatial multiplexing gain and improved spatial diversity gain. However, the MIMO-OFDM is affected because of the errors that occurred during the communication such as inter symbol interference, and inter carrier interference (ICI). In this research, the error correction using hybrid coding algorithm (EC-HCA) is proposed for correcting the errors that occurred during the data transmission. The combination of quasi cyclic low-density parity check (QC-LDPC) and space time block coding (STBC) approaches are used in the hybrid coding which helps to achieve better data broadcasting over the MIMO-OFDM. Here, the interference among the transmitting antennas is avoided by using the STBC. Therefore, the ICI and inter symbol interference (ISI) that occurred in the MIMO-OFDM is minimized by the EC-HCA and it leads to achieving less BER. The performance of the EC-HCA method is analyzed by means of the bit error rate (BER) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The existing researches such as AED, PC-CC and TC-OPA are used to evaluate the performance of the EC-HCA method. The PSNR of the EC-HCA for 2 × 2 MIMO-OFDM is 10.24 dB which is high when compared to the AED, PC-CC and TC-OPA.

Performance Evaluation of 5G New Radio Polar Code over Different Multipath Fading Channel Models

“…While the Fig. 3 shows diagram of the uplink transmit end processing, with essential components and their parameters indicated, 𝑓 24 (𝐷) = 𝐷 24 + 𝐷 23 + 𝐷 21 + 𝐷 20 + 𝐷 17 + 𝐷 15 + 𝐷 13 + 𝐷 12 + 𝐷 8 + 𝐷 4 + 𝐷 2 + 𝐷 + 1 In the PBCH and PDCCH, the polynomial 𝑓 24 (𝐷) is employed for the payload and DCIs, respectively. On the other hand, polynomials 𝑓 6 (𝐷) and 𝑓 11 (𝐷) are utilized for UCIs when the value of A falls within the range of 12 to 19, and when A is greater than or equal to 20, respectively.…”

“…The mean of these distributions is zero, but the variance is based on the specific channel used. For the Rayleigh fading channel, the PDF (𝑍 𝐼 ) and the PDF (𝑍 𝑄 ) may be represented as ( 14) and (15). In the context of the Nakagami-m fading channel, the probabilities 𝑃(𝑍 𝐼 ) and 𝑃(𝑍 𝑄 ) may be mathematically represented as [27]…”

“…High-order modulation has the potential to increase the error rate of low-power transmission systems significantly. For this reason, OFDM systems commonly use FEC to lower the error rate, and the proposed method in [15] presents various drawbacks, such as heightened complexity and computational cost in MIMO-OFDM systems as a result of hybrid coding and decoding procedures, compatibility concerns with established standards and protocols, and potential inefficiency for higherorder MIMO-OFDM systems due to amplified interference and channel estimation errors. In order to convert the frequency-selective multipath into narrow band frequency-flat channels, OFDM is often employed in conjunction with a cyclic prefix (CP) to eliminate ISI [16].…”

The Powerful Activity for FBMC-OQAM Wireless Communication System Relies on Slantlet Transform

“…Additionally, the channel estimate procedure is often made simpler, making adaptive modulation and coding approaches viable [13,14]. The mathematical formula for the transmitted signal in time-domain of system is.…”