Erratum to: Sub-volcanic Intrusions in the Karoo Basin, South Africa

Svensen, Henrik; Polteau, S.; Cawthorn, Grant

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14084-1_23

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…determine whether very thick sills are stratigraphically associated with thin sills (offshoots) as is the case for the Karoo Basin sills in South Africa [42]. Except for the MD-48 borehole where very thin sills are repeatedly emplaced within a 1000 m thick zone, the other boreholes ( figure 4) do not suggest the presence of offshoots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Note also that the Vasiliev et al (2000) logs are biased towards petroleum-producing areas and that many of the boreholes have greater than 500 m of sills in the stratigraphy, with a maximum reported individual sill thickness as high as 1180 m (emplaced within the coal-bearing Tunguska Series). Systematic studies of sill thicknesses in other sedimentary basins are few, but a recent study from the Karoo Basin shows that only four out of about 30 boreholes have greater than 500 m of sills [42]. In the Karoo case, the sills comprise less than 20-30% of the basin stratigraphy, and the borehole depth represents a major factor in the sill percentage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sills and gas generation in the Siberian Traps

Svensen

Фролов

Ахманов

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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On its way to the surface, the Siberian Traps magma created a complex sub-volcanic plumbing system. This resulted in a large-scale sill emplacement within the Tunguska Basin and subsequent release of sediment-derived volatiles during contact metamorphism. The distribution of sills and the released sediment-stored gas volume is, however, poorly constrained. In this paper, results from a study of nearly 300 deep boreholes intersecting sills are presented. The results show that sills with thicknesses above 100 m are abundant throughout the upper part of the sedimentary succession. A high proportion of the sills was emplaced within the Cambrian evaporites with average thicknesses in the 115-130 m range and a maximum thickness of 428 m. Thermal modelling of the cooling of the sills shows that the contact metamorphic aureoles are capable of generating 52-80 tonnes of CO m with contributions from both marine and terrestrial carbon. When up-scaling these borehole results, an area of 12-19 000 km is required to generate 1000 Gt CO This represents only 0.7-1.2% of the total area in the Tunguska Basin affected by sills, emphasizing the importance of metamorphic gas generation in the Siberian Traps. These results strengthen the hypothesis of a sub-volcanic trigger and driver for the environmental perturbations during the End-Permian crisis.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past'.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sills and gas generation in the Siberian Traps

Svensen

Фролов

Ахманов

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…1A; e.g., Curtis, 1968;Cartwright and Hansen, 2006;Gudmundsson, 2006;Aoki et al, 2013;Aizawa et al, 2014;Muirhead et al, 2014;Tibaldi, 2015) or giant radiating dike swarms, which can facilitate lateral magma flow over hundreds to thousands of kilometers (e.g., Ernst and Baragar, 1992;Ernst et al, 1995;Macdonald et al, 2010). Recent field-, seismic reflection-, and modeling-based research further indicate that plumbing systems at shallow levels (typically <3 km depth), particularly those hosted in sedimentary basins, may instead be characterized by extensive sill complexes (e.g., Chevallier and Woodford, 1999;Smallwood and Maresh, 2002;Thomson and Hutton, 2004;Planke et al, 2005;Cartwright and Hansen, 2006;Kavanagh et al, 2006Kavanagh et al, , 2015Lee et al, 2006;Leuthold et al, 2012;Leat, 2008;Menand, 2008;Polteau et al, 2008a;Cukur et al, 2010;Bunger and Cruden, 2011;Gudmundsson and Løtveit, 2012;Muirhead et al, 2012;Svensen et al, 2012Svensen et al, , 2015Jackson et al, 2013;Magee et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2014;Button and Cawthorn, 2015;Schofield et al, 2015). Sill complexes imaged in seismic data and observed in the field extend laterally for tens to thousands of kilometers and are dominated by an interconnected network of mafic, relatively thin (typically <100 m thick) sills, which frequently exhibit saucer-shaped morphologies, and inclined sheets with only a small proportion of dikes (e.g.,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral magma flow in mafic sill complexes

et al. 2016

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The structure of upper crustal magma plumbing systems controls the distribution of volcanism and influences tectonic processes. However, delineating the structure and volume of plumbing systems is difficult because (1) active intrusion networks cannot be directly accessed; (2) field outcrops are commonly limited; and (3) geophysical data imaging the subsurface are restricted in areal extent and resolution. This has led to models involving the vertical transfer of magma via dikes, extending from a melt source to overlying reservoirs and eruption sites, being favored in the volcanic literature. However, while there is a wealth of evidence to support the occurrence of dike-dominated systems, we synthesize field-and seismic reflection-based observations and highlight that extensive lateral magma transport (as much as 4100 km) may occur within mafic sill complexes. Most of these mafic sill complexes occur in sedimentary basins (e.g., the Karoo Basin, South Africa), although some intrude crystalline continental crust (e.g., the Yilgarn craton, Australia), and consist of interconnected sills and inclined sheets. Sill complex emplacement is largely controlled by host-rock lithology and structure and the state of stress. We argue that plumbing systems need not be dominated by dikes and that magma can be transported within widespread sill complexes, promoting the development of volcanoes that do not overlie the melt source. However, the extent to which active volcanic systems and rifted margins are underlain by sill complexes remains poorly constrained, despite important implications for elucidating magmatic processes, melt volumes, and melt sources.

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“…The relative timing between sills emplaced as clusters is especially important if potential source rocks are located between sills [25]. Reported sill thicknesses from the literature vary from~10 cm to >400 m (e.g., [44,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]). In our study a modest sill thickness of~50 m has been chosen for the modeled sills and we assume the sills to intrude during one pulse with a magma temperature of 1000 • C. In BMT this is done by changing the lithology in sill polygon from shale to sill lithology, with related physical properties at time of intrusion.…”

Section: Thermal Effects Of Sillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Thermal Effects in Sedimentary Basins with Normal Faults and Magmatic Sill Intrusions—A Sensitivity Study

et al. 2019

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Magmatic intrusions affect the basin temperature in their vicinity. Faulting and physical properties of the basin may influence the magnitudes of their thermal effects and the potential source rock maturation. We present results from a sensitivity study of the most important factors affecting the thermal history in structurally complex sedimentary basins with magmatic sill intrusions. These factors are related to faulting, physical properties, and restoration methods: (1) fault displacement, (2) time span of faulting and deposition, (3) fault angle, (4) thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, (5) basal heat flow and (6) restoration method. All modeling is performed on the same constructed clastic sedimentary profile containing one normal listric fault with one faulting event. Sills are modeled to intrude into either side of the fault zone with a temperature of 1000 • C. The results show that transient thermal effects may last up to several million years after fault slip. Thermal differences up to 40 • C could occur for sills intruding at time of fault slip, to sills intruding 10 million years later. We have shown that omitting the transient thermal effects of structural development in basins with magmatic intrusions may lead to over-or underestimation of the thermal effects of magmatic intrusions and ultimately the estimated maturation.

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Erratum to: Sub-volcanic Intrusions in the Karoo Basin, South Africa

Abstract: The chapter was inadvertently published without updating Table 1. The erratum chapter has been updated with the change.

Cited by 9 publications

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Sills and gas generation in the Siberian Traps

Sills and gas generation in the Siberian Traps

Lateral magma flow in mafic sill complexes

Transient Thermal Effects in Sedimentary Basins with Normal Faults and Magmatic Sill Intrusions—A Sensitivity Study

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