“…Ninety percent of spinal dumbbell tumors are schwannomas, and up to 33% of schwannomas have a dumbbell form ( 19 , 23 ). Other dumbbell-shaped tumors include hemangiomas ( 6 , 12 ), meningiomas ( 28 ), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors ( 22 ), neurogenic paravertebral tumors with origin from neurogenic elements within the thorax ( 7 ) (including neuroblastoma ( 20 )), ganglioneuroblastoma ( 20 ), ganglioneuroma ( 3 ), hemangioblastomas ( 8 ), liposarcomas ( 31 ), lipoblastoma ( 32 ), angiomatosis ( 33 ), angiolipoma ( 34 ), rhabdomyosarcoma ( 35 ), spine extraosseus chordoma (SEC) ( 36 ), mesenchymal chondrosarcoma ( 37 ), soft tissue chondroma ( 38 ), osteochondroma ( 39 ), malignant glomus tumor ( 40 ), malignant solitary fibrous tumor ( 41 ), plasmocytoma ( 42 ), metastasis ( 43 ), Ewing sarcoma ( 44 ), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor ( 45 ), lymphoma ( 46 ), lymphangioma ( 47 ), meningeal melanocytoma ( 48 ), small cell malignant tumor ( 49 ), and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) ( 50 ).…”