Erratum to “Section 2: Adult basic life support and use of automated external defibrillators”

This thesis draws upon data gathered during research undertaken with a grant from the Resuscitation Council (UK). It explores the use of Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) by laypeople, which is known as Public Access Defibrillation (PAD). Whilst an abundance of research has been undertaken about this phenomenon, it has predominately been conducted using quantitative methods; however the data I am using was collected using a qualitative approach. During the research, fifty-three semi-structured interviews were carried out. Most of these were with laypeople who had been trained to use AEDs, and nine involved those who delivered the training. These interviews were conducted at sites typical of those where these devices have been introduced, such as railway stations and airports. The geographical area of these locations covered the East and West Midlands, South and West Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and Essex. The aims of the research were quite broad and included exploring how to make training more realistic, how debriefing and support for those who had used an AED should be organised and how the interviewees perceived the technology inherent in the AED.This thesis reanalyses the data that was collected during that research and focuses on two themes. Firstly, some of the theories of technologies in transition are used to illustrate how AEDs were developed in a laboratory and progressed from that setting to become commonplace in public locations. The actor-network theory is adopted to argue that these technological devices exert an influence on the human actors in the networks that exist within society. Specifically, my analysis is informed by the work of Timmermans (1998; 1999; 1997) whose theories about external chest compressions I have developed and applied to AEDs. They suggest that these devices achieved universality, in part, through the influence of debates and medical protocols.One significant factor was that AEDs allowed for defibrillation to be redefined from a medical, to a first aid procedure. Eventually, using these devices was included in the protocols for first aid and this legitimised their use by laypeople. These theories are observable in the data through the interviewees" accounts of how they came to accept being trained to use AEDs. The experiences of those who had used an AED during a resuscitation attempt are provided and suggest that these are distressing and unpleasant events.Consequently, a key component of this thesis is a discussion of the necessity to provide psychological debriefing for those who have been involved in these incidents.The findings of this thesis suggest that laypeople who have used an AED usually have questions about the actions they took during the attempted resuscitation and need to address these with someone soon afterwards.

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“…One comment reflected the typical survival rates from cardiac arrests which occur outside of hospital (Handley, Koster, Monsieurs et al, 2005).…”

Section: Well Everybody That's Left Me Has Died Unfortunately Ap14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Training lay-people to use automatic external defibrillators: Are all of their needs being met?

2006

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“…Tydelig teamleder (n=24) (%) 22 (92) 1 Det skal verbalt gis beskjed om at sjokk kommer, samtidig som vedkommende ser på sengen når støtet gis. 2 Vurdert som tydelig tilbakemelding i forhold til medikamenter.…”

Section: Resultaterunclassified

“…Sjansen for å overleve en hjertestans blir redusert med 10-15 prosent for hvert minutt som går uten at hjerte-lunge-redning (HLR) blir iverksatt. Suksessfaktorene for overlevelse er tidlig igangsetting av HLR, saerlig innenfor de første 3-5 minuttene, og god kvalitet på utførelsen (2).…”

Section: Innledningunclassified

Kvaliteten på avansert hjerte- og lungeredning under simuleringstrening

et al. 2011

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Background: The survival rate after cardiac arrest decreases by 10-15 % for each minute without cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Early introduction of CPR and good quality of performance are important predictors of survival. Objectives:The objective of this project was to measure the quality of advanced CPR during simulation training, and to see if the results are in accordance with the Norwegian guidelines of 2005. Methods:Prospective observational study during full-scale simulation training. Data were collected from a computer connected to a manikin, in addition to video recordings 48 nurses and 16 physicians working at an intensive coronary care unit (ICCU) participated.Results: Mean frequency of chest compressions was 104, with a mean depth of 48 mm. Time from occurrence of ventricular fibrillation to delivered countershock was median 82 seconds and median 25 seconds when the defibrillator was located outside or inside the room, respectively. The total hands-off time was 25 %. Mostly, medications were given correctly (92 %) with a high degree of double control (94 %). Chest compression was continued during charging of the defibrillator in 86 % of the charging intervals. In 17 % of the episodes, countershocks were delivered without following the safety precautions. When consecutive countershocks could have been given according to guidelines, it was performed in half of the cases (54 %). Conclusion:The quality of performed advanced CPR is in accordance with the Norwegian guidelines of 2005. The algorithm was followed correctly in almost every scenario, and the technical performance was good. Current results indicate no unnecessary hands-off time.

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“…cardiac-only resuscitation, instead of conventional CPR . The existing guidelines indicate that chest compression only CPR should be performed only if bystander is unwilling or unable to give mouth-to-mouth ventilation (Handley et al 2005).…”

Section: The Role Of Ventilation In Cardiopulmonary Resuscitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: studies on aetiology, treatment and outcome

Virkkunen¹

2009

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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Erratum to “Section 2: Adult basic life support and use of automated external defibrillators”

Cited by 69 publications

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Training lay-people to use automatic external defibrillators: Are all of their needs being met?

Training lay-people to use automatic external defibrillators: Are all of their needs being met?

Kvaliteten på avansert hjerte- og lungeredning under simuleringstrening

Out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: studies on aetiology, treatment and outcome

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