Erratum to: Accrediting retail drug shops to strengthen Tanzania’s public health system: an ADDO case study

Rutta, Edmund; Liana, Jafary; Embrey, Martha; Johnson, Keith; Kimatta, Suleiman; Valimba, Richard; Lieber, Rachel; Shekalaghe, Elizabeth; Sillo, Hiiti

doi:10.1186/s40545-015-0049-z

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Accredited Drug Shop (ADS) model of retail drug shops such as tested in Tanzania standardizes the drug shop’s operation by staffing the shop with appropriately trained dispensers, strictly enforcing regulations, and providing supportive supervision [ 18 ]. The current state of drug shops in the private informal sector in Bangladesh justifies an adapted model for Bangladesh, and is feasible as revealed by different stakeholders in this sector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tools for data collection such as the survey questionnaires (adapted after contextualizing from tools used by similar study in Tanzania) [ 18 ], Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Interviews (KII) and structured observation guidelines were developed and pre-tested for consistency, culture sensitiveness and ease of administration in the field before finalization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the status of retail private drug shops in Bangladesh and action points for developing an accredited drug shop model: a facility based cross-sectional study

Ahmed

Naher

Hossain

et al. 2017

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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BackgroundThe private retail drug shops market in Bangladesh is largely unregulated and unaccountable, giving rise to irrational use of drugs and high Out-of-pocket expenditure on health. These shops are served by salespersons with meagre or no formal training in dispensing.MethodThis facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken to investigate how the drug shops currently operate vis-a-vis the regulatory regime including dispensing practices of the salespersons, for identifying key action points to develop an accredited model for Bangladesh. About 90 rural and 21 urban retail drug shops from seven divisions were included in the survey. The salespersons were interviewed for relevant information, supplemented by qualitative data on perceptions of the catchment community as well as structured observation of client-provider interactions from a sub-sample.ResultsIn 76% of the shops, the owner and the salesperson was the same person, and >90% of these were located within 30 min walking distance from a public sector health facility. The licensing process was perceived to be a cumbersome, lengthy, and costly process. Shop visit by drug inspectors were brief, wasn’t structured, and not problem solving. Only 9% shops maintained a stock register and 10% a drug sales record. Overall, 65% clients visited drug shops without a prescription. Forty-nine percent of the salespersons had no formal training in dispensing and learned the trade through apprenticeship with fellow drug retailers (42%), relatives (18%), and village doctors (16%) etc. The catchment population of the drug shops mostly did not bother about dispensing training, drug shop licensing and buying drugs without prescription. Observed client-dispenser interactions were found to concentrate mainly on financial transaction, unless, the client pro-actively sought advice regarding the use of the drug.ConclusionsMajority of the drug shops studied are run by salespersons who have informal ‘training’ through apprenticeship. Visiting drug shops without a prescription, and dispensing without counseling unless pro-actively sought by the client, was very common. The existing process is discouraging for the shop owners to seek license, and the shop inspection visits are irregular, unstructured and punitive. These facts should be considered while designing an accredited model of drug shop for Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the status of retail private drug shops in Bangladesh and action points for developing an accredited drug shop model: a facility based cross-sectional study

Ahmed

Naher

Hossain

et al. 2017

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Several countries have implemented initiatives to strengthen the medical supply systems through collaborations between the public, non-governmental, and commercial sectors [11][12][13]. For instance, in some countries governments contracted private companies as a prime vendor under public-private partnership (PPP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of accountability in the performance of Jazia prime vendor system in Tanzania

Kuwawenaruwa

Tediosi

Obrist

et al. 2020

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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Background: Access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines for all is a central component of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). However, the availability of quality medicines in peripheral healthcare facilities is often limited. Several countries have developed integrated complementary pharmaceutical supply systems to address the shortage of medicines. Nevertheless, there is little evidence on how accountability contributes to the performance of such complementary pharmaceutical supply systems in low-income settings. The current study analyses how accountability mechanisms contributed to the performance of Jazia Prime Vendor System (Jazia PVS) in Tanzania. Methods: The study analysed financial, performance and procedure accountability as defined in Boven's accountability framework. We conducted 30 in-depth interviews (IDIs), seven group discussions (GD) and 14 focus group discussions (FGDs) in 2018 in four districts that implemented Jazia PVS. We used a deductive and inductive approach to develop the themes and framework analysis to summarize the data. Results: The study findings revealed that a number of accountability mechanisms implemented in conjunction with Jazia PVS contributed to the performance of Jazia PVS. These include inventory and financial auditing conducted by district pharmacists and the internal auditors, close monitoring of standard operating procedures by the prime vendor regional coordinating office and peer cascade coaching. Furthermore, the auditing activities allowed identifying challenges of delayed payment to the vendor and possible approaches for mitigation while peer cascade coaching played a crucial role in enabling staff at the primary facilities to improve skills to oversee and manage the medicines supply chain. Conclusion: Financial, performance and procedure accountability measures played an important role for the successful performance of Jazia PVS in Tanzania. The study highlights the need for capacity building linked to financial and supply management at lower level health facilities, including health facility governing committees, which are responsible for priority-setting and decision-making at facility level.

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Erratum to: Accrediting retail drug shops to strengthen Tanzania’s public health system: an ADDO case study

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Exploring the status of retail private drug shops in Bangladesh and action points for developing an accredited drug shop model: a facility based cross-sectional study

Exploring the status of retail private drug shops in Bangladesh and action points for developing an accredited drug shop model: a facility based cross-sectional study

The role of accountability in the performance of Jazia prime vendor system in Tanzania

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